Merge remote-tracking branch 'tests/master' into upstream

.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,12 @@
 .idea
 *.iml
 /target/
+
+/bin/
+build
+.settings/
+/.gradle/
+/gradle/
+/gradlew
+/gradlew.bat
+.gitmodules

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-============================================================================
+===== License for the code in /src/main:
 
 Copyright (c) 2002 JSON.org
 
@@ -21,3 +21,182 @@ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.
+
+===== License for the code in /src/test:
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
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+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
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+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
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+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
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+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
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+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

README.md

@@ -146,3 +146,55 @@ as of 29 July, 2015.
 JSON-java releases can be found by searching the Maven repository for groupId "org.json"
 and artifactId "json". For example:
 https://search.maven.org/search?q=g:org.json%20AND%20a:json&core=gav
+
+# Unit tests
+The test suite can be run by calling
+```
+mvn test
+```
+
+
+
+## Conventions
+Test filenames should consist of the name of the module being tested, with the suffix "Test". 
+For example, <b>Cookie.java</b> is tested by <b>CookieTest.java</b>.
+
+<b>The fundamental issues with JSON-Java testing are:</b><br>
+* <b>JSONObjects</b> are unordered, making simple string comparison ineffective. 
+* Comparisons via **equals()** is not currently supported. Neither <b>JSONArray</b> nor <b>JSONObject</b> override <b>hashCode()</b> or <b>equals()</b>, so comparison defaults to the <b>Object</b> equals(), which is not useful.
+* Access to the <b>JSONArray</b> and <b>JSONObject</b> internal containers for comparison is not currently available.
+
+<b>General issues with unit testing are:</b><br>
+* Just writing tests to make coverage goals tends to result in poor tests. 
+* Unit tests are a form of documentation - how a given method actually works is demonstrated by the test. So for a code reviewer or future developer looking at code a good test helps explain how a function is supposed to work according to the original author. This can be difficult if you are not the original developer.
+*	It is difficult to evaluate unit tests in a vacuum. You also need to see the code being tested to understand if a test is good. 
+* Without unit tests it is hard to feel confident about the quality of the code, especially when fixing bugs or refactoring. Good tests prevents regressions and keeps the intent of the code correct.
+* If you have unit test results along with pull requests, the reviewer has an easier time understanding your code and determining if the it works as intended.
+
+When you start working on a test, add the empty file to the repository and update the readme, so that others will know that test is taken.
+
+**Caveats:**
+JSON-Java is Java 1.6-compatible, but JSON-Java-unit-tests requires Java 1.8. If you see this error when building JSON-Java-unit-test, make sure you have 1.8 installed, on your path, and set in JAVA_HOME:
+```
+Execution failed for task ':compileJava'.
+> invalid flag: -parameters
+```
+
+
+| Resource files used in test |
+| ------------- |  
+| EnumTest.java |
+| MyBean.java |
+| MyBigNumberBean.java |
+| MyEnum.java |
+| MyEnumClass.java |
+| MyEnumField.java |
+| MyJsonString.java |
+| MyPublicClass.java |
+| PropertyTest.java |
+| JunitTestSuite.java | 
+| StringsResourceBundle.java | 
+| TestRunner.java | 
+| Util.java | 
+
+

src/test/java/org/json/junit/CDLTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.CDL;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for CDL.java.
+ * CDL provides an application level API, but it is not used by the
+ * reference app. To test it, strings will be converted to JSON-Java classes
+ * and then converted back.
+ */
+public class CDLTest {
+
+    /**
+     * String of lines where the column names are in the first row,
+     * and all subsequent rows are values. All keys and values should be legal.
+     */
+    String lines = new String(
+            "Col 1, Col 2,  \tCol 3, Col 4, Col 5, Col 6, Col 7\n" +
+            "val1, val2, val3, val4, val5, val6, val7\n" +
+            "1, 2, 3, 4\t, 5, 6, 7\n" +
+            "true, false, true, true, false, false, false\n" +
+            "0.23, 57.42, 5e27, -234.879, 2.34e5, 0.0, 9e-3\n" +
+            "\"va\tl1\", \"v\bal2\", \"val3\", \"val\f4\", \"val5\", va\'l6, val7\n"
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * CDL.toJSONArray() adds all values as strings, with no filtering or 
+     * conversions. For testing, this means that the expected JSONObject 
+     * values all must be quoted in the cases where the JSONObject parsing 
+     * might normally convert the value into a non-string. 
+     */
+    String expectedLines = new String(
+            "[{Col 1:val1, Col 2:val2, Col 3:val3, Col 4:val4, Col 5:val5, Col 6:val6, Col 7:val7}, "+
+            "{Col 1:\"1\", Col 2:\"2\", Col 3:\"3\", Col 4:\"4\", Col 5:\"5\", Col 6:\"6\", Col 7:\"7\"}, "+
+            "{Col 1:\"true\", Col 2:\"false\", Col 3:\"true\", Col 4:\"true\", Col 5:\"false\", Col 6:\"false\", Col 7:\"false\"}, "+
+            "{Col 1:\"0.23\", Col 2:\"57.42\", Col 3:\"5e27\", Col 4:\"-234.879\", Col 5:\"2.34e5\", Col 6:\"0.0\", Col 7:\"9e-3\"}, "+
+            "{Col 1:\"va\tl1\", Col 2:\"v\bal2\", Col 3:val3, Col 4:\"val\f4\", Col 5:val5, Col 6:va\'l6, Col 7:val7}]");
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a JSONArray from a null string.
+     * Expect a NullPointerException.
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void exceptionOnNullString() {
+        String nullStr = null;
+        CDL.toJSONArray(nullStr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a JSONArray from a string with unbalanced quotes
+     * in column title line. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void unbalancedQuoteInName() {
+        String badLine = "Col1, \"Col2\nVal1, Val2";
+        try {
+            CDL.toJSONArray(badLine);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Missing close quote '\"'. at 12 [character 0 line 2]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a JSONArray from a string with unbalanced quotes
+     * in value line. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void unbalancedQuoteInValue() {
+        String badLine = "Col1, Col2\n\"Val1, Val2";
+        try {
+            CDL.toJSONArray(badLine);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Missing close quote '\"'. at 22 [character 11 line 2]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+            
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a JSONArray from a string with null char
+     * in column title line. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void nullInName() {
+        String badLine = "C\0ol1, Col2\nVal1, Val2";
+        try {
+            CDL.toJSONArray(badLine);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Bad character 'o' (111). at 2 [character 3 line 1]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+            
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Attempt to create a JSONArray with unbalanced quotes and a properly escaped doubled quote.
+     * Expects a JSONException. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void unbalancedEscapedQuote(){
+    	   String badLine = "Col1, Col2\n\"Val1, \"\"Val2\"\"";
+           try {
+               CDL.toJSONArray(badLine);
+               fail("Expecting an exception");
+           } catch (JSONException e) {
+               assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                       "Missing close quote '\"'. at 26 [character 15 line 2]",
+                       e.getMessage());
+               
+           }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assert that there is no error for a single escaped quote within a properly embedded quote.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void singleEscapedQuote(){
+               String singleEscape = "Col1, Col2\nVal1, \"\"\"Val2\"";
+               JSONArray jsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(singleEscape);
+               
+               String cdlStr = CDL.toString(jsonArray);
+               assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("Col1"));
+               assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("Col2"));
+               assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("Val1"));
+               assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("\"Val2"));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Assert that there is no error for a single escaped quote within a properly
+     * embedded quote when not the last value.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void singleEscapedQuoteMiddleString(){
+               String singleEscape = "Col1, Col2\nVal1, \"\"\"Val2\"\nVal 3,Val 4";
+               JSONArray jsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(singleEscape);
+               
+               String cdlStr = CDL.toString(jsonArray);
+               assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("Col1"));
+               assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("Col2"));
+               assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("Val1"));
+               assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("\"Val2"));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Attempt to create a JSONArray with an escape quote and no enclosing quotes.
+     * Expects a JSONException. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void badEscapedQuote(){
+    	       String badLine = "Col1, Col2\nVal1, \"\"Val2";
+    	       
+    	       try {
+                   CDL.toJSONArray(badLine);
+                   fail("Expecting an exception");
+               } catch (JSONException e) {
+            	   System.out.println("Message" + e.getMessage());
+                   assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                           "Bad character 'V' (86). at 20 [character 9 line 2]",
+                           e.getMessage());
+                   
+               }
+               
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * call toString with a null array
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullJSONArrayToString() {
+        CDL.toString((JSONArray)null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a JSONArray from an empty string
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyString() {
+        String emptyStr = "";
+        JSONArray jsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(emptyStr);
+        assertTrue("CDL should return null when the input string is empty",
+                jsonArray == null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a JSONArray with only 1 row
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void onlyColumnNames() {
+        String columnNameStr = "col1, col2, col3";
+        JSONArray jsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(columnNameStr);
+        assertNull("CDL should return null when only 1 row is given",
+                jsonArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a JSONArray from string containing only whitespace and commas
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyLinesToJSONArray() {
+        String str = " , , , \n , , , ";
+        JSONArray jsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(str);
+        assertNull("JSONArray should be null for no content",
+                jsonArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * call toString with a null array
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyJSONArrayToString() {
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+        String str = CDL.toString(jsonArray);
+        assertNull("CDL should return null for toString(null)",
+                str);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * call toString with a null arrays for names and values
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void nullJSONArraysToString() {
+        String str = CDL.toString(null, null);
+        assertNull("CDL should return null for toString(null)",
+                str);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a JSONArray that was not built by CDL, some chars may be
+     * found that would otherwise be filtered out by CDL.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void checkSpecialChars() {
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
+        jsonArray.put(jsonObject);
+        // \r will be filtered from name
+        jsonObject.put("Col \r1", "V1");
+        // \r will be filtered from value
+        jsonObject.put("Col 2", "V2\r");
+        assertTrue("expected length should be 1",jsonArray.length() == 1);
+        String cdlStr = CDL.toString(jsonArray);
+        jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(0);
+        assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("\"Col 1\""));
+        assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("Col 2"));
+        assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("V1"));
+        assertTrue(cdlStr.contains("\"V2\""));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a JSONArray from a string of lines
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void textToJSONArray() {
+        JSONArray jsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(this.lines);
+        JSONArray expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray(this.expectedLines);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(jsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a JSONArray from a JSONArray of titles and a 
+     * string of value lines
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void jsonArrayToJSONArray() {
+        String nameArrayStr = "[Col1, Col2]";
+        String values = "V1, V2";
+        JSONArray nameJSONArray = new JSONArray(nameArrayStr);
+        JSONArray jsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(nameJSONArray, values);
+        JSONArray expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray("[{Col1:V1,Col2:V2}]");
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(jsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a JSONArray from a string of lines,
+     * then convert to string and then back to JSONArray
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void textToJSONArrayAndBackToString() {
+        JSONArray jsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(this.lines);
+        String jsonStr = CDL.toString(jsonArray);
+        JSONArray finalJsonArray = CDL.toJSONArray(jsonStr);
+        JSONArray expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray(this.expectedLines);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(finalJsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+    }
+    
+
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/CookieListTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.jayway.jsonpath.*;
+
+/**
+ * HTTP cookie specification RFC6265: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265
+ * <p>
+ * A cookie list is a JSONObject whose members are presumed to be cookie
+ * name/value pairs. Entries are unescaped while being added, and escaped in 
+ * the toString() output.
+ * Unescaping means to convert %hh hex strings to the ascii equivalent
+ * and converting '+' to ' '.
+ * Escaping converts '+', '%', '=', ';' and ascii control chars to %hh hex strings.
+ * <p>
+ * CookieList should not be considered as just a list of Cookie objects:<br>
+ * - CookieList stores a cookie name/value pair as a single entry; Cookie stores 
+ *      it as 2 entries (key="name" and key="value").<br>
+ * - CookieList requires multiple name/value pairs as input; Cookie allows the
+ *      'secure' name with no associated value<br>
+ * - CookieList has no special handling for attribute name/value pairs.<br>
+ */
+public class CookieListTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a CookieList from a null string.
+     * Expects a NullPointerException.
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullCookieListException() {
+        String cookieStr = null;
+        CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a CookieList from a malformed string.
+     * Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void malFormedCookieListException() {
+        String cookieStr = "thisCookieHasNoEqualsChar";
+        try {
+            CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+            fail("should throw an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            /**
+             * Not sure of the missing char, but full string compare fails 
+             */
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Expected '=' and instead saw '' at 25 [character 26 line 1]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a CookieList from an empty string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyStringCookieList() {
+        String cookieStr = "";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        assertTrue(jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CookieList with the simplest cookie - a name/value pair with no delimiter.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void simpleCookieList() {
+        String cookieStr = "SID=31d4d96e407aad42";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("Expected 1 top level item", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 1);
+        assertTrue("expected 31d4d96e407aad42", "31d4d96e407aad42".equals(jsonObject.query("/SID")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CookieList with a single a cookie which has a name/value pair and delimiter.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void simpleCookieListWithDelimiter() {
+        String cookieStr = "SID=31d4d96e407aad42;";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("Expected 1 top level item", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 1);
+        assertTrue("expected 31d4d96e407aad42", "31d4d96e407aad42".equals(jsonObject.query("/SID")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CookieList with multiple cookies consisting of name/value pairs
+     * with delimiters.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void multiPartCookieList() {
+        String cookieStr = 
+            "name1=myCookieValue1;  "+
+            "  name2=myCookieValue2;"+
+            "name3=myCookieValue3;"+
+            "  name4=myCookieValue4;  "+
+            "name5=myCookieValue5;"+
+            "  name6=myCookieValue6;";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("Expected 6 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 6);
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue1", "myCookieValue1".equals(jsonObject.query("/name1")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue2", "myCookieValue2".equals(jsonObject.query("/name2")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue3", "myCookieValue3".equals(jsonObject.query("/name3")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue4", "myCookieValue4".equals(jsonObject.query("/name4")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue5", "myCookieValue5".equals(jsonObject.query("/name5")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue6", "myCookieValue6".equals(jsonObject.query("/name6")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CookieList from a JSONObject with valid key and null value
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void convertCookieListWithNullValueToString() {
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
+        jsonObject.put("key",  JSONObject.NULL);
+        String cookieToStr = CookieList.toString(jsonObject);
+        assertTrue("toString() should be empty", "".equals(cookieToStr));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CookieList with multiple entries converted to a JSON document. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void convertCookieListToString() {
+        String cookieStr = 
+                "name1=myCookieValue1;  "+
+                "  name2=myCookieValue2;"+
+                "name3=myCookieValue3;"+
+                "  name4=myCookieValue4;  "+
+                "name5=myCookieValue5;"+
+                "  name6=myCookieValue6;";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        // exercise CookieList.toString()
+        String cookieListString = CookieList.toString(jsonObject);
+        // have to convert it back for validation
+        jsonObject = CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieListString);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("Expected 6 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 6);
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue1", "myCookieValue1".equals(jsonObject.query("/name1")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue2", "myCookieValue2".equals(jsonObject.query("/name2")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue3", "myCookieValue3".equals(jsonObject.query("/name3")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue4", "myCookieValue4".equals(jsonObject.query("/name4")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue5", "myCookieValue5".equals(jsonObject.query("/name5")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue6", "myCookieValue6".equals(jsonObject.query("/name6")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CookieList with multiple entries and some '+' chars and URL-encoded
+     * values converted to a JSON document. 
+     */
+    @Test   
+    public void convertEncodedCookieListToString() {
+        String cookieStr = 
+                "name1=myCookieValue1;  "+
+                "  name2=my+Cookie+Value+2;"+
+                "name3=my%2BCookie%26Value%3B3%3D;"+
+                "  name4=my%25CookieValue4;  "+
+                "name5=myCookieValue5;"+
+                "  name6=myCookieValue6;";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = CookieList.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("Expected 6 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 6);
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue1", "myCookieValue1".equals(jsonObject.query("/name1")));
+        assertTrue("expected my Cookie Value 2", "my Cookie Value 2".equals(jsonObject.query("/name2")));
+        assertTrue("expected my+Cookie&Value;3=", "my+Cookie&Value;3=".equals(jsonObject.query("/name3")));
+        assertTrue("expected my%CookieValue4", "my%CookieValue4".equals(jsonObject.query("/name4")));
+        assertTrue("expected my%CookieValue5", "myCookieValue5".equals(jsonObject.query("/name5")));
+        assertTrue("expected myCookieValue6", "myCookieValue6".equals(jsonObject.query("/name6")));
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/CookieTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+
+/**
+ * HTTP cookie specification: RFC6265
+ * <p>
+ * At its most basic, a cookie is a name=value pair. The value may be subdivided
+ * into other cookies, but that is not tested here. The cookie may also include
+ * certain named attributes, delimited by semicolons. 
+ * <p>
+ * The Cookie.toString() method emits certain attributes if present: expires,
+ * domain, path, secure. All but secure are name-value pairs. Other attributes
+ * are not included in the toString() output.
+ * <p>
+ * A JSON-Java encoded cookie escapes '+', '%', '=', ';' with %hh values.
+ */
+public class CookieTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a JSONObject from a null string.
+     * Expects a NullPointerException.
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullCookieException() {
+        String cookieStr = null;
+        Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a JSONObject from a cookie string with
+     * no '=' char.
+     * Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void malFormedNameValueException() {
+        String cookieStr = "thisCookieHasNoEqualsChar";
+        try {
+            Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Expected '=' and instead saw '' at 25 [character 26 line 1]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a JSONObject from a cookie string
+     * with embedded ';' char.
+     * Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void malFormedAttributeException() {
+        String cookieStr = "this=Cookie;myAttribute";
+        try {
+            Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Missing '=' in cookie parameter. at 23 [character 24 line 1]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to create a JSONObject from an empty cookie string.<br>
+     * Note: Cookie throws an exception, but CookieList does not.<br>
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyStringCookieException() {
+        String cookieStr = "";
+        try {
+            Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Expected '=' and instead saw '' at 0 [character 1 line 1]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cookie from a simple name/value pair with no delimiter
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void simpleCookie() {
+        String cookieStr = "SID=31d4d96e407aad42";
+        String expectedCookieStr = "{\"name\":\"SID\",\"value\":\"31d4d96e407aad42\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedCookieStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Store a cookie with all of the supported attributes in a 
+     * JSONObject. The secure attribute, which has no value, is treated
+     * as a boolean.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void multiPartCookie() {
+        String cookieStr = 
+            "PH=deleted;  "+
+            " expires=Wed, 19-Mar-2014 17:53:53 GMT;"+
+            "path=/;   "+
+            "    domain=.yahoo.com;"+
+            "secure";
+        String expectedCookieStr = 
+            "{"+
+                "\"name\":\"PH\","+
+                "\"value\":\"deleted\","+
+                "\"path\":\"/\","+
+                "\"expires\":\"Wed, 19-Mar-2014 17:53:53 GMT\","+
+                "\"domain\":\".yahoo.com\","+
+                "\"secure\":true"+
+            "}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedCookieStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cookie.toString() will omit the non-standard "thiswont=beIncluded"
+     * attribute, but the attribute is still stored in the JSONObject.
+     * This test confirms both behaviors.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void convertCookieToString() {
+        String cookieStr = 
+            "PH=deleted;  "+
+            " expires=Wed, 19-Mar-2014 17:53:53 GMT;"+
+            "path=/;   "+
+            "    domain=.yahoo.com;"+
+            "thisWont=beIncluded;"+
+            "secure";
+        String expectedCookieStr = 
+            "{\"path\":\"/\","+
+            "\"expires\":\"Wed, 19-Mar-2014 17:53:53 GMT\","+
+            "\"domain\":\".yahoo.com\","+
+            "\"name\":\"PH\","+
+            "\"secure\":true,"+
+            "\"value\":\"deleted\"}";
+        // Add the nonstandard attribute to the expected cookie string
+        String expectedDirectCompareCookieStr = 
+            expectedCookieStr.replaceAll("\\{", "\\{\"thisWont\":\"beIncluded\",");
+        // convert all strings into JSONObjects
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedCookieStr);
+        JSONObject expectedDirectCompareJsonObject = 
+                new JSONObject(expectedDirectCompareCookieStr);
+        // emit the string
+        String cookieToStr = Cookie.toString(jsonObject);
+        // create a final JSONObject from the string
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieToStr);
+        // JSONObject should contain the nonstandard string
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedDirectCompareJsonObject);
+        // JSONObject -> string -> JSONObject should not contain the nonstandard string
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A string may be URL-encoded when converting to JSONObject.
+     * If found, '+' is converted to ' ', and %hh hex strings are converted
+     * to their ascii char equivalents. This test confirms the decoding
+     * behavior. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void convertEncodedCookieToString() {
+        String cookieStr = 
+            "PH=deleted;  "+
+            " expires=Wed,+19-Mar-2014+17:53:53+GMT;"+
+            "path=/%2Bthis/is%26/a/spec%3Bsegment%3D;   "+
+            "    domain=.yahoo.com;"+
+            "secure";
+        String expectedCookieStr = 
+            "{\"path\":\"/+this/is&/a/spec;segment=\","+
+            "\"expires\":\"Wed, 19-Mar-2014 17:53:53 GMT\","+
+            "\"domain\":\".yahoo.com\","+
+            "\"name\":\"PH\","+
+            "\"secure\":true,"+
+            "\"value\":\"deleted\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedCookieStr);
+        String cookieToStr = Cookie.toString(jsonObject);
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = Cookie.toJSONObject(cookieToStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * A public API method performs a URL encoding for selected chars
+     * in a string. Control chars, '+', '%', '=', ';' are all encoded 
+     * as %hh hex strings. The string is also trimmed.
+     * This test confirms that behavior. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void escapeString() {
+        String str = "   +%\r\n\t\b%=;;;   ";
+        String expectedStr = "%2b%25%0d%0a%09%08%25%3d%3b%3b%3b";
+        String actualStr = Cookie.escape(str);
+        assertTrue("expect escape() to encode correctly. Actual: " +actualStr+
+                " expected: " +expectedStr, expectedStr.equals(actualStr));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A public API method performs URL decoding for strings.
+     * '+' is converted to space and %hh hex strings are converted to
+     * their ascii equivalent values. The string is not trimmed.
+     * This test confirms that behavior. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void unescapeString() {
+        String str = " +%2b%25%0d%0a%09%08%25%3d%3b%3b%3b+ ";
+        String expectedStr = "  +%\r\n\t\b%=;;;  ";
+        String actualStr = Cookie.unescape(str);
+        assertTrue("expect unescape() to decode correctly. Actual: " +actualStr+
+                " expected: " +expectedStr, expectedStr.equals(actualStr));
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/EnumTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.json.junit.data.MyEnum;
+import org.json.junit.data.MyEnumClass;
+import org.json.junit.data.MyEnumField;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.jayway.jsonpath.Configuration;
+import com.jayway.jsonpath.JsonPath;
+
+/**
+ * Enums are not explicitly supported in JSON-Java. But because enums act like
+ * classes, all required behavior is already be present in some form. 
+ * These tests explore how enum serialization works with JSON-Java.
+ */
+public class EnumTest {
+
+    /**
+     * To serialize an enum by its getters, use the JSONObject Object constructor.
+     * The JSONObject ctor handles enum like any other bean. A JSONobject 
+     * is created whose entries are the getter name/value pairs.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void jsonObjectFromEnum() {
+        // If there are no getters then the object is empty.
+        MyEnum myEnum = MyEnum.VAL2;
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnum);
+        assertTrue("simple enum has no getters", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+
+         // enum with a getters should create a non-empty object 
+        MyEnumField myEnumField = MyEnumField.VAL2;
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnumField);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider()
+                .parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expecting 2 items in top level object", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expecting val 2", "val 2".equals(jsonObject.query("/value")));
+        assertTrue("expecting 2", Integer.valueOf(2).equals(jsonObject.query("/intVal")));
+
+        /**
+         * class which contains enum instances. Each enum should be stored
+         * in its own JSONObject
+         */
+        MyEnumClass myEnumClass = new MyEnumClass();
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnum(MyEnum.VAL1);
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnumField(MyEnumField.VAL3);
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnumClass);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 2 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expected 2 myEnumField items", "VAL3".equals((JsonPath.read(doc, "$.myEnumField"))));
+        assertTrue("expected 0 myEnum items", "VAL1".equals((JsonPath.read(doc, "$.myEnum"))));
+
+        assertTrue("expecting MyEnumField.VAL3", MyEnumField.VAL3.equals(jsonObject.query("/myEnumField")));
+        assertTrue("expecting MyEnum.VAL1", MyEnum.VAL1.equals(jsonObject.query("/myEnum")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * To serialize an enum by its set of allowed values, use getNames()
+     * and the the JSONObject Object with names constructor. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void jsonObjectFromEnumWithNames() {
+        String [] names;
+        JSONObject jsonObject;
+ 
+        MyEnum myEnum = MyEnum.VAL1;
+        names = JSONObject.getNames(myEnum);
+        // The values will be MyEnum fields
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnum, names);
+
+        // validate JSON object
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 3 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 3);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL1", MyEnum.VAL1.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL1")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnum.VAL2.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL2")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL3", MyEnum.VAL3.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL3")));
+
+        MyEnumField myEnumField = MyEnumField.VAL3;
+        names = JSONObject.getNames(myEnumField);
+        // The values will be MyEnmField fields
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnumField, names);
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 3 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 3);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL1", MyEnumField.VAL1.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL1")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnumField.VAL2.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL2")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL3", MyEnumField.VAL3.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL3")));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Verify that enums are handled consistently between JSONArray and JSONObject
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void verifyEnumConsistency(){
+        JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
+        
+        jo.put("value", MyEnumField.VAL2);
+        String expected="{\"value\":\"VAL2\"}";
+        String actual = jo.toString();
+        assertTrue("Expected "+expected+" but actual was "+actual, expected.equals(actual));
+
+        jo.accumulate("value", MyEnumField.VAL1);
+        expected="{\"value\":[\"VAL2\",\"VAL1\"]}";
+        actual = jo.toString();
+        assertTrue("Expected "+expected+" but actual was "+actual, expected.equals(actual));
+
+        jo.remove("value");
+        jo.append("value", MyEnumField.VAL1);
+        expected="{\"value\":[\"VAL1\"]}";
+        actual = jo.toString();
+        assertTrue("Expected "+expected+" but actual was "+actual, expected.equals(actual));
+
+        jo.put("value", EnumSet.of(MyEnumField.VAL2));
+        expected="{\"value\":[\"VAL2\"]}";
+        actual = jo.toString();
+        assertTrue("Expected "+expected+" but actual was "+actual, expected.equals(actual));
+
+        JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
+        ja.put(MyEnumField.VAL2);
+        jo.put("value", ja);
+        actual = jo.toString();
+        assertTrue("Expected "+expected+" but actual was "+actual, expected.equals(actual));
+
+        jo.put("value", new MyEnumField[]{MyEnumField.VAL2});
+        actual = jo.toString();
+        assertTrue("Expected "+expected+" but actual was "+actual, expected.equals(actual));
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * To serialize by assigned value, use the put() methods. The value
+     * will be stored as a enum type. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void enumPut() {
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
+        MyEnum myEnum = MyEnum.VAL2;
+        jsonObject.put("myEnum", myEnum);
+        MyEnumField myEnumField = MyEnumField.VAL1;
+        jsonObject.putOnce("myEnumField", myEnumField);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 2 top level objects", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnum.VAL2.equals(jsonObject.query("/myEnum")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL1", MyEnumField.VAL1.equals(jsonObject.query("/myEnumField")));
+        
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+        jsonArray.put(myEnum);
+        jsonArray.put(1, myEnumField);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonArray.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 2 top level objects", ((List<?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnum.VAL2.equals(jsonArray.query("/0")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL1", MyEnumField.VAL1.equals(jsonArray.query("/1")));
+
+        /**
+         * Leaving these tests because they exercise get, opt, and remove
+         */
+        assertTrue("expecting myEnum value", MyEnum.VAL2.equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("expecting myEnumField value", MyEnumField.VAL1.equals(jsonArray.opt(1)));
+        assertTrue("expecting myEnumField value", MyEnumField.VAL1.equals(jsonArray.remove(1)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default action of valueToString() is to call object.toString().
+     * For enums, this means the assigned value will be returned as a string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void enumValueToString() {
+        String expectedStr1 = "\"VAL1\"";
+        String expectedStr2 = "\"VAL1\"";
+        MyEnum myEnum = MyEnum.VAL1;
+        MyEnumField myEnumField = MyEnumField.VAL1;
+        MyEnumClass myEnumClass = new MyEnumClass();
+        
+        String str1 = JSONObject.valueToString(myEnum);
+        assertTrue("actual myEnum: "+str1+" expected: "+expectedStr1,
+                str1.equals(expectedStr1));
+        String str2 = JSONObject.valueToString(myEnumField);
+        assertTrue("actual myEnumField: "+str2+" expected: "+expectedStr2,
+                str2.equals(expectedStr2));
+
+        /**
+         * However, an enum within another class will not be rendered
+         * unless that class overrides default toString() 
+         */
+        String expectedStr3 = "\"org.json.junit.data.MyEnumClass@";
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnum(MyEnum.VAL1);
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnumField(MyEnumField.VAL1);
+        String str3 = JSONObject.valueToString(myEnumClass);
+        assertTrue("actual myEnumClass: "+str3+" expected: "+expectedStr3,
+                str3.startsWith(expectedStr3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In whatever form the enum was added to the JSONObject or JSONArray,
+     * json[Object|Array].toString should serialize it in a reasonable way.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void enumToString() {
+        MyEnum myEnum = MyEnum.VAL2;
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnum);
+        String expectedStr = "{}";
+        assertTrue("myEnum toString() should be empty", expectedStr.equals(jsonObject.toString()));
+
+        MyEnumField myEnumField = MyEnumField.VAL2;
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnumField);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 2 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expected val 2", "val 2".equals(jsonObject.query("/value")));
+        assertTrue("expected 2", Integer.valueOf(2).equals(jsonObject.query("/intVal")));
+
+        MyEnumClass myEnumClass = new MyEnumClass();
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnum(MyEnum.VAL1);
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnumField(MyEnumField.VAL3);
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnumClass);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 2 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL3", "VAL3".equals((JsonPath.read(doc, "$.myEnumField"))));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL1", "VAL1".equals((JsonPath.read(doc, "$.myEnum"))));
+
+        String [] names = JSONObject.getNames(myEnum);
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnum, names);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 3 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 3);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL1", MyEnum.VAL1.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL1")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnum.VAL2.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL2")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL3", MyEnum.VAL3.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL3")));
+        
+        names = JSONObject.getNames(myEnumField);
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(myEnumField, names);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 3 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 3);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL1", MyEnumField.VAL1.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL1")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnumField.VAL2.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL2")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL3", MyEnumField.VAL3.equals(jsonObject.query("/VAL3")));
+
+        expectedStr = "{\"myEnum\":\"VAL2\", \"myEnumField\":\"VAL2\"}";
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject();
+        jsonObject.putOpt("myEnum", myEnum);
+        jsonObject.putOnce("myEnumField", myEnumField);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 2 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnum.VAL2.equals(jsonObject.query("/myEnum")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnumField.VAL2.equals(jsonObject.query("/myEnumField")));
+
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+        jsonArray.put(myEnum);
+        jsonArray.put(1, myEnumField);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonArray.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 2 top level items", ((List<?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnum.VAL2.equals(jsonArray.query("/0")));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnumField.VAL2.equals(jsonArray.query("/1")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrap should handle enums exactly as a value type like Integer, Boolean, or String.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void wrap() {
+        assertTrue("simple enum has no getters", JSONObject.wrap(MyEnum.VAL2) instanceof MyEnum);
+
+        MyEnumField myEnumField = MyEnumField.VAL2;
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
+        jsonObject.put("enum",myEnumField);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 1 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 1);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL2", MyEnumField.VAL2.equals(jsonObject.query("/enum")));
+
+        MyEnumClass myEnumClass = new MyEnumClass();
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnum(MyEnum.VAL1);
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnumField(MyEnumField.VAL3);
+        jsonObject = (JSONObject)JSONObject.wrap(myEnumClass);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 2 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 2);
+        assertTrue("expected VAL3", "VAL3".equals((JsonPath.read(doc, "$.myEnumField"))));
+        assertTrue("expected VAL1", "VAL1".equals((JsonPath.read(doc, "$.myEnum"))));
+
+        assertTrue("expecting MyEnumField.VAL3", MyEnumField.VAL3.equals(jsonObject.query("/myEnumField")));
+        assertTrue("expecting MyEnum.VAL1", MyEnum.VAL1.equals(jsonObject.query("/myEnum")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * It was determined that some API methods should be added to 
+     * support enums:<br>
+     * JSONObject.getEnum(class, key)<br>
+     * JSONObject.optEnum(class, key)<br>
+     * JSONObject.optEnum(class, key, default)<br>
+     * JSONArray.getEnum(class, index)<br>
+     * JSONArray.optEnum(class, index)<br>
+     * JSONArray.optEnum(class, index, default)<br>
+     * <p>
+     * Exercise these enum API methods on JSONObject and JSONArray
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void enumAPI() {
+        MyEnumClass myEnumClass = new MyEnumClass();
+        myEnumClass.setMyEnum(MyEnum.VAL1);
+        MyEnumField myEnumField = MyEnumField.VAL2;
+
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
+        jsonObject.put("strKey", "value");
+        jsonObject.put("strKey2", "VAL1");
+        jsonObject.put("enumKey", myEnumField);
+        jsonObject.put("enumClassKey", myEnumClass);
+
+        // get a plain old enum
+        MyEnumField actualEnum = jsonObject.getEnum(MyEnumField.class, "enumKey");
+        assertTrue("get myEnumField", actualEnum == MyEnumField.VAL2);
+
+        // try to get the wrong value
+        try {
+            actualEnum = jsonObject.getEnum(MyEnumField.class, "strKey");
+            assertTrue("should throw an exception for wrong key", false);
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {}
+
+        // get a class that contains an enum
+        MyEnumClass actualEnumClass = (MyEnumClass)jsonObject.get("enumClassKey");
+        assertTrue("get enum", actualEnumClass.getMyEnum() == MyEnum.VAL1);
+
+        // opt a plain old enum
+        actualEnum = jsonObject.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, "enumKey");
+        assertTrue("opt myEnumField", actualEnum == MyEnumField.VAL2);
+
+        // opt the wrong value
+        actualEnum = jsonObject.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, "strKey");
+        assertTrue("opt null", actualEnum == null);
+
+        // opt a class that contains an enum
+        actualEnumClass = (MyEnumClass)jsonObject.opt("enumClassKey");
+        assertTrue("get enum", actualEnumClass.getMyEnum() == MyEnum.VAL1);
+
+        // opt with default a plain old enum
+        actualEnum = jsonObject.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, "enumKey", null);
+        assertTrue("opt myEnumField", actualEnum == MyEnumField.VAL2);
+
+        // opt with default the wrong value
+        actualEnum = jsonObject.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, "strKey", null);
+        assertNull("opt null", actualEnum);
+
+        // opt with default the string value
+        actualEnum = jsonObject.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, "strKey2", null);
+        assertEquals(MyEnumField.VAL1, actualEnum);
+
+        // opt with default an index that does not exist
+        actualEnum = jsonObject.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, "noKey", null);
+        assertNull("opt null", actualEnum);
+        
+        assertNull("Expected Null when the enum class is null",
+                jsonObject.optEnum(null, "enumKey"));
+
+        /**
+         * Exercise the proposed enum API methods on JSONArray
+         */
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+        jsonArray.put("value");
+        jsonArray.put(myEnumField);
+        jsonArray.put(myEnumClass);
+
+        // get a plain old enum
+        actualEnum = jsonArray.getEnum(MyEnumField.class, 1);
+        assertTrue("get myEnumField", actualEnum == MyEnumField.VAL2);
+
+        // try to get the wrong value
+        try {
+            actualEnum = jsonArray.getEnum(MyEnumField.class, 0);
+            assertTrue("should throw an exception for wrong index", false);
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {}
+
+        // get a class that contains an enum
+        actualEnumClass = (MyEnumClass)jsonArray.get(2);
+        assertTrue("get enum", actualEnumClass.getMyEnum() == MyEnum.VAL1);
+
+        // opt a plain old enum
+        actualEnum = jsonArray.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, 1);
+        assertTrue("opt myEnumField", actualEnum == MyEnumField.VAL2);
+
+        // opt the wrong value
+        actualEnum = jsonArray.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, 0);
+        assertTrue("opt null", actualEnum == null);
+
+        // opt a class that contains an enum
+        actualEnumClass = (MyEnumClass)jsonArray.opt(2);
+        assertTrue("get enum", actualEnumClass.getMyEnum() == MyEnum.VAL1);
+
+        // opt with default a plain old enum
+        actualEnum = jsonArray.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, 1, null);
+        assertTrue("opt myEnumField", actualEnum == MyEnumField.VAL2);
+
+        // opt with default the wrong value
+        actualEnum = jsonArray.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, 0, null);
+        assertTrue("opt null", actualEnum == null);
+
+        // opt with default an index that does not exist
+        actualEnum = jsonArray.optEnum(MyEnumField.class, 3, null);
+        assertTrue("opt null", actualEnum == null);
+
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/HTTPTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for JSON-Java HTTP.java. See RFC7230.
+ */
+public class HTTPTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to call HTTP.toJSONObject() with a null string
+     * Expects a NUllPointerException.
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullHTTPException() {
+        String httpStr = null;
+        HTTP.toJSONObject(httpStr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to call HTTP.toJSONObject() with a string containing
+     * an empty object. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void notEnoughHTTPException() {
+        String httpStr = "{}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(httpStr);
+        try {
+            HTTP.toString(jsonObject);
+            assertTrue("Expected to throw exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Not enough material for an HTTP header.".equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calling HTTP.toJSONObject() with an empty string will result in a 
+     * populated JSONObject with keys but no values for Request-URI, Method,
+     * and HTTP-Version.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyStringHTTPRequest() {
+        String httpStr = "";
+        String expectedHTTPStr = "{\"Request-URI\":\"\",\"Method\":\"\",\"HTTP-Version\":\"\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedHTTPStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call HTTP.toJSONObject() with a Request-URI, Method,
+     * and HTTP-Version.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void simpleHTTPRequest() {
+        String httpStr = "GET /hello.txt HTTP/1.1";
+        String expectedHTTPStr = 
+            "{\"Request-URI\":\"/hello.txt\",\"Method\":\"GET\",\"HTTP-Version\":\"HTTP/1.1\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedHTTPStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call HTTP.toJSONObject() with a response string containing a
+     * HTTP-Version, Status-Code, and Reason.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void simpleHTTPResponse() {
+        String httpStr = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK";
+        String expectedHTTPStr = 
+            "{\"HTTP-Version\":\"HTTP/1.1\",\"Status-Code\":\"200\",\"Reason-Phrase\":\"OK\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedHTTPStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call HTTP.toJSONObject() with a full request string including
+     * request headers. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void extendedHTTPRequest() {
+        String httpStr = 
+            "POST /enlighten/calais.asmx HTTP/1.1\n"+
+            "Host: api.opencalais.com\n"+
+            "Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8\n"+
+            "Content-Length: 100\n"+
+            "SOAPAction: \"http://clearforest.com/Enlighten\"";
+        String expectedHTTPStr = 
+            "{"+
+            "\"Request-URI\":\"/enlighten/calais.asmx\","+
+            "\"Host\":\"api.opencalais.com\","+
+            "\"Method\":\"POST\","+
+            "\"HTTP-Version\":\"HTTP/1.1\","+
+            "\"Content-Length\":\"100\","+
+            "\"Content-Type\":\"text/xml; charset=utf-8\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedHTTPStr);
+        /**
+         * Not too easy for JSONObject to parse a string with embedded quotes.
+         * For the sake of the test, add it here.
+         */
+        expectedJsonObject.put("SOAPAction","\"http://clearforest.com/Enlighten\"");
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call HTTP.toJSONObject() with a full response string including
+     * response headers. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void extendedHTTPResponse() {
+        String httpStr = 
+            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n"+
+            "Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8\n"+
+            "Content-Length: 100\n";
+        String expectedHTTPStr = 
+            "{\"HTTP-Version\":\"HTTP/1.1\","+
+            "\"Status-Code\":\"200\","+
+            "\"Content-Length\":\"100\","+
+            "\"Reason-Phrase\":\"OK\","+
+            "\"Content-Type\":\"text/xml; charset=utf-8\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedHTTPStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call HTTP.toJSONObject() with a full POST request string including
+     * response headers, then convert it back into an HTTP string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void convertHTTPRequestToString() {
+        String httpStr = 
+            "POST /enlighten/calais.asmx HTTP/1.1\n"+
+            "Host: api.opencalais.com\n"+
+            "Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8\n"+
+            "Content-Length: 100";
+        String expectedHTTPStr = 
+            "{"+
+            "\"Request-URI\":\"/enlighten/calais.asmx\","+
+            "\"Host\":\"api.opencalais.com\","+
+            "\"Method\":\"POST\","+
+            "\"HTTP-Version\":\"HTTP/1.1\","+
+            "\"Content-Length\":\"100\","+
+            "\"Content-Type\":\"text/xml; charset=utf-8\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedHTTPStr);
+        String httpToStr = HTTP.toString(jsonObject);
+        /**
+         * JSONObject objects to crlfs and any trailing chars.
+         * For the sake of the test, simplify the resulting string
+         */
+        httpToStr = httpToStr.replaceAll("("+HTTP.CRLF+HTTP.CRLF+")", "");
+        httpToStr = httpToStr.replaceAll(HTTP.CRLF, "\n");
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpToStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call HTTP.toJSONObject() with a full response string including
+     * response headers, then convert it back into an HTTP string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void convertHTTPResponseToString() {
+        String httpStr = 
+                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n"+
+                "Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8\n"+
+                "Content-Length: 100\n";
+            String expectedHTTPStr = 
+                "{\"HTTP-Version\":\"HTTP/1.1\","+
+                "\"Status-Code\":\"200\","+
+                "\"Content-Length\":\"100\","+
+                "\"Reason-Phrase\":\"OK\","+
+                "\"Content-Type\":\"text/xml; charset=utf-8\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedHTTPStr);
+        String httpToStr = HTTP.toString(jsonObject);
+        /**
+         * JSONObject objects to crlfs and any trailing chars.
+         * For the sake of the test, simplify the resulting string
+         */
+        httpToStr = httpToStr.replaceAll("("+HTTP.CRLF+HTTP.CRLF+")", "");
+        httpToStr = httpToStr.replaceAll(HTTP.CRLF, "\n");
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = HTTP.toJSONObject(httpToStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/JSONMLTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,832 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for org.json.JSONML.java
+ * 
+ * Certain inputs are expected to result in exceptions. These tests are
+ * executed first. JSONML provides an API to:
+ *     Convert an XML string into a JSONArray or a JSONObject. 
+ *     Convert a JSONArray or JSONObject into an XML string.
+ * Both fromstring and tostring operations operations should be symmetrical
+ * within the limits of JSONML. 
+ * It should be possible to perform the following operations, which should
+ * result in the original string being recovered, within the limits of the
+ * underlying classes:
+ *  Convert a string -> JSONArray -> string -> JSONObject -> string
+ *  Convert a string -> JSONObject -> string -> JSONArray -> string
+ * 
+ */
+public class JSONMLTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to transform a null XML string to JSON.
+     * Expects a NullPointerException
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullXMLException() {
+        String xmlStr = null;
+        JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to transform an empty string to JSON.
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyXMLException() {
+        String xmlStr = "";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Bad XML at 0 [character 1 line 1]",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to call JSONML.toString() with a null JSONArray.
+     * Expects a NullPointerException. 
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullJSONXMLException() {
+        /**
+         * Tries to convert a null JSONArray to XML.
+         */
+        JSONArray jsonArray= null;
+        JSONML.toString(jsonArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to call JSONML.toString() with a null JSONArray.
+     * Expects a JSONException. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyJSONXMLException() {
+        /**
+         * Tries to convert an empty JSONArray to XML.
+         */
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+        try {
+            JSONML.toString(jsonArray);
+            assertTrue("Expecting an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expecting an exception message",
+                "JSONArray[0] not found.".
+                equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to transform an non-XML string to JSON.
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void nonXMLException() {
+        /**
+         * Attempts to transform a nonXML string to JSON
+         */
+        String xmlStr = "{ \"this is\": \"not xml\"}";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Bad XML at 23 [character 24 line 1]",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to transform a JSON document with XML content that
+     * does not follow JSONML conventions (element name is not first value
+     * in a nested JSONArray) to a JSONArray then back to string.
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void emptyTagException() {
+        /**
+         * jsonArrayStr is used to build a JSONArray which is then
+         * turned into XML. For this transformation, all arrays represent
+         * elements and the first array entry is the name of the element.
+         * In this case, one of the arrays does not have a name
+         */
+        String jsonArrayStr =
+            "[\"addresses\","+
+                "{\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\","+
+                    "\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"},"+
+                // this array has no name 
+                "["+
+                    "[\"name\"],"+
+                    "[\"nocontent\"],"+
+                    "\">\""+
+                "]"+
+            "]";
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonArrayStr);
+        try {
+            JSONML.toString(jsonArray);
+            assertTrue("Expecting an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "JSONArray[0] is not a String.",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to transform a JSON document with XML content that
+     * does not follow JSONML conventions (element tag has an embedded space)
+     * to a JSONArray then back to string. Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void spaceInTagException() {
+        /**
+         * jsonArrayStr is used to build a JSONArray which is then
+         * turned into XML. For this transformation, all arrays represent
+         * elements and the first array entry is the name of the element.
+         * In this case, one of the element names has an embedded space,
+         * which is not allowed.
+         */
+        String jsonArrayStr =
+            "[\"addresses\","+
+                "{\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\","+
+                    "\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"},"+
+                // this array has an invalid name
+                "[\"addr esses\","+
+                    "[\"name\"],"+
+                    "[\"nocontent\"],"+
+                    "\">\""+
+                "]"+
+            "]";
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonArrayStr);
+        try {
+            JSONML.toString(jsonArray);
+            assertTrue("Expecting an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expecting an exception message",
+                "'addr esses' contains a space character.".
+                equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to transform a malformed XML document 
+     * (element tag has a frontslash) to a JSONArray.\
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void invalidSlashInTagException() {
+        /**
+         * xmlStr contains XML text which is transformed into a JSONArray.
+         * In this case, the XML is invalid because the 'name' element
+         * contains an invalid frontslash.
+         */
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/x>\n"+
+            "       <street>abc street</street>\n"+
+            "    </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Misshaped tag at 176 [character 14 line 4]",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Malformed XML text (invalid tagname) is transformed into a JSONArray.
+     * Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void invalidBangInTagException() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <!>\n"+
+            "    </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Misshaped meta tag at 215 [character 12 line 7]",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Malformed XML text (invalid tagname, no close bracket) is transformed\
+     * into a JSONArray. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void invalidBangNoCloseInTagException() {
+        /**
+         * xmlStr contains XML text which is transformed into a JSONArray.
+         * In this case, the XML is invalid because an element
+         * starts with '!' and has no closing tag
+         */
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <!\n"+
+            "    </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Misshaped meta tag at 214 [character 12 line 7]",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Malformed XML text (tagname with no close bracket) is transformed\
+     * into a JSONArray. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void noCloseStartTagException() {
+        /**
+         * xmlStr contains XML text which is transformed into a JSONArray.
+         * In this case, the XML is invalid because an element
+         * has no closing '>'.
+         */
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <abc\n"+
+            "    </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Misplaced '<' at 194 [character 5 line 6]",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Malformed XML text (endtag with no name) is transformed\
+     * into a JSONArray. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void noCloseEndTagException() {
+        /**
+         * xmlStr contains XML text which is transformed into a JSONArray.
+         * In this case, the XML is invalid because an element
+         * has no name after the closing tag '</'.
+         */
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <abc/>\n"+
+            "   </>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            assertTrue("Expecting an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Expected a closing name instead of '>'.".
+                equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Malformed XML text (endtag with no close bracket) is transformed\
+     * into a JSONArray. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void noCloseEndBraceException() {
+        /**
+         * xmlStr contains XML text which is transformed into a JSONArray.
+         * In this case, the XML is invalid because an element
+         * has '>' after the closing tag '</' and name.
+         */
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=\"test.xsd\">\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <abc/>\n"+
+            "    </address\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Misplaced '<' at 206 [character 1 line 7]",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Malformed XML text (incomplete CDATA string) is transformed\
+     * into a JSONArray. Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void invalidCDATABangInTagException() {
+        /**
+         * xmlStr contains XML text which is transformed into a JSONArray.
+         * In this case, the XML is invalid because an element
+         * does not have a complete CDATA string. 
+         */
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name>Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+            "       <![[]>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting an exception");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                "Expected 'CDATA[' at 204 [character 11 line 5]",
+                e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an XML document into a JSONArray, then use JSONML.toString()
+     * to convert it into a string. This string is then converted back into
+     * a JSONArray. Both JSONArrays are compared against a control to 
+     * confirm the contents.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void toJSONArray() {
+        /**
+         * xmlStr contains XML text which is transformed into a JSONArray.
+         * Each element becomes a JSONArray:
+         * 1st entry = elementname
+         * 2nd entry = attributes object (if present)
+         * 3rd entry = content (if present)
+         * 4th entry = child element JSONArrays (if present)
+         * The result is compared against an expected JSONArray.
+         * The transformed JSONArray is then transformed back into a string
+         * which is used to create a final JSONArray, which is also compared
+         * against the expected JSONArray.
+         */
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+                 "xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+                 "<address attr1=\"attrValue1\" attr2=\"attrValue2\" attr3=\"attrValue3\">\n"+
+                     "<name nameType=\"mine\">myName</name>\n"+
+                     "<nocontent/>>\n"+
+                 "</address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "[\"addresses\","+
+                "{\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\","+
+                    "\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"},"+
+                "[\"address\","+
+                    "{\"attr1\":\"attrValue1\",\"attr2\":\"attrValue2\",\"attr3\":\"attrValue3\"},"+
+                    "[\"name\", {\"nameType\":\"mine\"},\"myName\"],"+
+                    "[\"nocontent\"],"+
+                    "\">\""+
+                "]"+
+            "]";
+        JSONArray jsonArray = JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+        JSONArray expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray(expectedStr);
+        String xmlToStr = JSONML.toString(jsonArray);
+        JSONArray finalJsonArray = JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlToStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(jsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(finalJsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an XML document into a JSONObject. Use JSONML.toString() to 
+     * convert it back into a string, and then re-convert it into a JSONObject.
+     * Both JSONObjects are compared against a control JSONObject to confirm
+     * the contents.
+     * <p>
+     * Next convert the XML document into a JSONArray. Use JSONML.toString() to 
+     * convert it back into a string, and then re-convert it into a JSONArray.
+     * Both JSONArrays are compared against a control JSONArray to confirm
+     * the contents.
+     * <p>
+     * This test gives a comprehensive example of how the JSONML
+     * transformations work.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void toJSONObjectToJSONArray() {
+        /**
+         * xmlStr contains XML text which is transformed into a JSONObject,
+         * restored to XML, transformed into a JSONArray, and then restored
+         * to XML again. Both JSONObject and JSONArray should contain the same 
+         * information and should produce the same XML, allowing for non-ordered
+         * attributes.
+         * 
+         * Transformation to JSONObject:
+         *      The elementName is stored as a string where key="tagName"
+         *      Attributes are simply stored as key/value pairs
+         *      If the element has either content or child elements, they are stored
+         *      in a jsonArray with key="childNodes".
+         * 
+         * Transformation to JSONArray:
+         *      1st entry = elementname
+         *      2nd entry = attributes object (if present)
+         *      3rd entry = content (if present)
+         *      4th entry = child element JSONArrays (if present)
+         */
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+                "xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+                "<address addrType=\"my address\">\n"+
+                    "<name nameType=\"my name\">Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+                    "<street><![CDATA[Baker street 5]]></street>\n"+
+                    "<NothingHere except=\"an attribute\"/>\n"+
+                    "<TrueValue>true</TrueValue>\n"+
+                    "<FalseValue>false</FalseValue>\n"+
+                    "<NullValue>null</NullValue>\n"+
+                    "<PositiveValue>42</PositiveValue>\n"+
+                    "<NegativeValue>-23</NegativeValue>\n"+
+                    "<DoubleValue>-23.45</DoubleValue>\n"+
+                    "<Nan>-23x.45</Nan>\n"+
+                    "<ArrayOfNum>\n"+
+                        "<value>1</value>\n"+
+                        "<value>2</value>\n"+
+                        "<value><subValue svAttr=\"svValue\">abc</subValue></value>\n"+
+                        "<value>3</value>\n"+
+                        "<value>4.1</value>\n"+
+                        "<value>5.2</value>\n"+
+                    "</ArrayOfNum>\n"+
+                "</address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+
+        String expectedJSONObjectStr =
+            "{"+
+                "\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\","+
+                "\"childNodes\":["+
+                    "{"+
+                        "\"childNodes\":["+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[\"Joe Tester\"],"+
+                                "\"nameType\":\"my name\","+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"name\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[\"Baker street 5\"],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"street\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"NothingHere\","+
+                                "\"except\":\"an attribute\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[true],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"TrueValue\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[false],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"FalseValue\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[null],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"NullValue\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[42],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"PositiveValue\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[-23],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"NegativeValue\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[-23.45],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"DoubleValue\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":[\"-23x.45\"],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"Nan\""+
+                            "},"+
+                            "{"+
+                                "\"childNodes\":["+
+                                    "{"+
+                                        "\"childNodes\":[1],"+
+                                        "\"tagName\":\"value\""+
+                                    "},"+
+                                    "{"+
+                                        "\"childNodes\":[2],"+
+                                        "\"tagName\":\"value\""+
+                                    "},"+
+                                    "{"+
+                                        "\"childNodes\":["+
+                                            "{"+
+                                                "\"childNodes\":[\"abc\"],"+
+                                                "\"svAttr\":\"svValue\","+
+                                                "\"tagName\":\"subValue\""+
+                                            "}"+
+                                        "],"+
+                                        "\"tagName\":\"value\""+
+                                    "},"+
+                                    "{"+
+                                        "\"childNodes\":[3],"+
+                                        "\"tagName\":\"value\""+
+                                    "},"+
+                                    "{"+
+                                        "\"childNodes\":[4.1],"+
+                                        "\"tagName\":\"value\""+
+                                    "},"+
+                                    "{"+
+                                        "\"childNodes\":[5.2],"+
+                                        "\"tagName\":\"value\""+
+                                    "}"+
+                                "],"+
+                                "\"tagName\":\"ArrayOfNum\""+
+                            "}"+
+                        "],"+
+                        "\"addrType\":\"my address\","+
+                        "\"tagName\":\"address\""+
+                    "}"+
+                "],"+
+                "\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\","+
+                "\"tagName\":\"addresses\""+
+            "}";
+
+        String expectedJSONArrayStr = 
+            "["+
+                "\"addresses\","+
+                "{"+
+                    "\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\","+
+                    "\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+                "},"+
+                "["+
+                    "\"address\","+
+                    "{"+
+                        "\"addrType\":\"my address\""+
+                    "},"+
+                    "["+
+                        "\"name\","+
+                        "{"+
+                            "\"nameType\":\"my name\""+
+                        "},"+
+                        "\"Joe Tester\""+
+                    "],"+
+                    "[\"street\",\"Baker street 5\"],"+
+                    "["+
+                        "\"NothingHere\","+
+                        "{\"except\":\"an attribute\"}"+
+                    "],"+
+                    "[\"TrueValue\",true],"+
+                    "[\"FalseValue\",false],"+
+                    "[\"NullValue\",null],"+
+                    "[\"PositiveValue\",42],"+
+                    "[\"NegativeValue\",-23],"+
+                    "[\"DoubleValue\",-23.45],"+
+                    "[\"Nan\",\"-23x.45\"],"+
+                    "["+
+                        "\"ArrayOfNum\","+
+                        "[\"value\",1],"+
+                        "[\"value\",2],"+
+                        "[\"value\","+
+                            "["+
+                                "\"subValue\","+
+                                "{\"svAttr\":\"svValue\"},"+
+                                "\"abc\""+
+                            "],"+
+                        "],"+
+                        "[\"value\",3],"+
+                        "[\"value\",4.1],"+
+                        "[\"value\",5.2]"+
+                    "]"+
+                "]"+
+            "]";
+
+        // make a JSONObject and make sure it looks as expected
+        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedJSONObjectStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+
+        // restore the XML, then make another JSONObject and make sure it
+        // looks as expected
+        String jsonObjectXmlToStr = JSONML.toString(jsonObject);
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = JSONML.toJSONObject(jsonObjectXmlToStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject, expectedJsonObject);
+
+        // create a JSON array from the original string and make sure it 
+        // looks as expected
+        JSONArray jsonArray = JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+        JSONArray expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray(expectedJSONArrayStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(jsonArray,expectedJsonArray);
+    
+        // restore the XML, then make another JSONArray and make sure it
+        // looks as expected
+        String jsonArrayXmlToStr = JSONML.toString(jsonArray);
+        JSONArray finalJsonArray = JSONML.toJSONArray(jsonArrayXmlToStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(finalJsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+
+        // lastly, confirm the restored JSONObject XML and JSONArray XML look
+        // reasonably similar
+        JSONObject jsonObjectFromObject = JSONML.toJSONObject(jsonObjectXmlToStr);
+        JSONObject jsonObjectFromArray = JSONML.toJSONObject(jsonArrayXmlToStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObjectFromObject, jsonObjectFromArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an XML document which contains embedded comments into
+     * a JSONArray. Use JSONML.toString() to turn it into a string, then
+     * reconvert it into a JSONArray. Compare both JSONArrays to a control
+     * JSONArray to confirm the contents. 
+     * <p>
+     * This test shows how XML comments are handled.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void commentsInXML() {
+
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<!-- this is a comment -->\n"+
+            "<addresses>\n"+
+                "<address>\n"+
+                    "<!-- <!--[CDATA[ this is -- <another> comment ]] -->\n"+
+                    "<name>Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+                    "<!-- this is a - multi line \n"+
+                    "comment -->\n"+
+                    "<street>Baker street 5</street>\n"+
+                "</address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        String expectedStr =
+            "[\"addresses\","+
+                "[\"address\","+
+                    "[\"name\",\"Joe Tester\"],"+
+                    "[\"street\",\"Baker street 5\"]"+
+                "]"+
+            "]";
+        JSONArray jsonArray = JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlStr);
+        JSONArray expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray(expectedStr);
+        String xmlToStr = JSONML.toString(jsonArray);
+        JSONArray finalJsonArray = JSONML.toJSONArray(xmlToStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(jsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(finalJsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON string with lost leading zero and converted "True" to true. See test
+     * result in comment below.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONArray_jsonOutput() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        final String expectedJsonString = "[\"root\",[\"id\",\"01\"],[\"id\",1],[\"id\",\"00\"],[\"id\",0],[\"item\",{\"id\":\"01\"}],[\"title\",true]]";
+        final JSONArray actualJsonOutput = JSONML.toJSONArray(originalXml, false);
+        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, actualJsonOutput.toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON string cannot be reverted to original xml when type guessing is used.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONArray_reversibility() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        final String revertedXml = JSONML.toString(JSONML.toJSONArray(originalXml, false));
+        assertNotEquals(revertedXml, originalXml);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON string cannot be reverted to original xml when type guessing is used.
+     * When we force all the values as string, the original text comes back.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONArray_reversibility2() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        final String expectedJsonString = "[\"root\",[\"id\",\"01\"],[\"id\",\"1\"],[\"id\",\"00\"],[\"id\",\"0\"],[\"item\",{\"id\":\"01\"}],[\"title\",\"True\"]]";
+        final JSONArray json = JSONML.toJSONArray(originalXml,true);
+        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, json.toString());
+        
+        final String reverseXml = JSONML.toString(json);
+        assertEquals(originalXml, reverseXml);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON can be reverted to original xml.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONArray_reversibility3() {
+        final String originalXml = "<readResult><errors someAttr=\"arrtValue\"><code>400</code></errors><errors><code>402</code></errors></readResult>";
+        final JSONArray jsonArray = JSONML.toJSONArray(originalXml, false);
+        final String revertedXml = JSONML.toString(jsonArray);
+        assertEquals(revertedXml, originalXml);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * JSON string cannot be reverted to original xml. See test result in
+     * comment below.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONObject_reversibility() {
+        final String originalXml = "<readResult><errors someAttr=\"arrtValue\"><code>400</code></errors><errors><code>402</code></errors></readResult>";
+        final JSONObject originalObject=JSONML.toJSONObject(originalXml,false);
+        final String originalJson = originalObject.toString();
+        final String xml = JSONML.toString(originalObject);
+        final JSONObject revertedObject = JSONML.toJSONObject(xml, false);
+        final String newJson = revertedObject.toString();
+        assertTrue("JSON Objects are not similar",originalObject.similar(revertedObject));
+        assertEquals("original JSON does not equal the new JSON",originalJson, newJson);
+    }
+
+// these tests do not pass for the following reasons:
+// 1. Our XML parser does not handle generic HTML entities, only valid XML entities. Hence &nbsp;
+//     or other HTML specific entities would fail on reversability
+// 2. Our JSON implementation for storing the XML attributes uses the standard unordered map.
+//     This means that <tag attr1="v1" attr2="v2" /> can not be reversed reliably.  
+//
+//    /**
+//     * Test texts taken from jsonml.org. Currently our implementation FAILS this conversion but shouldn't.
+//     * Technically JsonML should be able to transform any valid xhtml document, but ours only supports
+//     * standard XML entities, not HTML entities.
+//     */
+//    @Test
+//    public void testAttributeConversionReversabilityHTML() {
+//        final String originalXml = "<table class=\"MyTable\" style=\"background-color:yellow\"><tr><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"border:1px solid black\">#5D28D1</td><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"background-color:red\">Example text here</td></tr><tr><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"border:1px solid black\">#AF44EF</td><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"background-color:green\">127310656</td></tr><tr><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"border:1px solid black\">#AAD034</td><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"background-color:blue\">&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color:maroon\">&copy;</span>&nbsp;</td></tr></table>";
+//        final String expectedJsonString = "[\"table\",{\"class\" : \"MyTable\",\"style\" : \"background-color:yellow\"},[\"tr\",[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"border:1px solid black\"},\"#550758\"],[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"background-color:red\"},\"Example text here\"]],[\"tr\",[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"border:1px solid black\"},\"#993101\"],[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"background-color:green\"},\"127624015\"]],[\"tr\",[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"border:1px solid black\"},\"#E33D87\"],[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"background-color:blue\"},\"\u00A0\",[\"span\",{ \"style\" : \"background-color:maroon\" },\"\u00A9\"],\"\u00A0\"]]]";
+//        final JSONArray json = JSONML.toJSONArray(originalXml,true);
+//        final String actualJsonString = json.toString();
+//        
+//        final String reverseXml = JSONML.toString(json);
+//        assertNotEquals(originalXml, reverseXml);
+//
+//        assertNotEquals(expectedJsonString, actualJsonString);
+//    }
+//    
+//    /**
+//     * Test texts taken from jsonml.org but modified to have XML entities only.
+//     */
+//    @Test
+//    public void testAttributeConversionReversabilityXML() {
+//        final String originalXml = "<table class=\"MyTable\" style=\"background-color:yellow\"><tr><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"border:1px solid black\">#5D28D1</td><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"background-color:red\">Example text here</td></tr><tr><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"border:1px solid black\">#AF44EF</td><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"background-color:green\">127310656</td></tr><tr><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"border:1px solid black\">#AAD034</td><td class=\"MyTD\" style=\"background-color:blue\">&amp;<span style=\"background-color:maroon\">&gt;</span>&lt;</td></tr></table>";
+//        final String expectedJsonString = "[\"table\",{\"class\" : \"MyTable\",\"style\" : \"background-color:yellow\"},[\"tr\",[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"border:1px solid black\"},\"#550758\"],[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"background-color:red\"},\"Example text here\"]],[\"tr\",[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"border:1px solid black\"},\"#993101\"],[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"background-color:green\"},\"127624015\"]],[\"tr\",[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"border:1px solid black\"},\"#E33D87\"],[\"td\",{\"class\" : \"MyTD\",\"style\" : \"background-color:blue\"},\"&\",[\"span\",{ \"style\" : \"background-color:maroon\" },\">\"],\"<\"]]]";
+//        final JSONArray jsonML = JSONML.toJSONArray(originalXml,true);
+//        final String actualJsonString = jsonML.toString();
+//        
+//        final String reverseXml = JSONML.toString(jsonML);
+//        // currently not equal because the hashing of the attribute objects makes the attribute
+//        // order not happen the same way twice 
+//        assertEquals(originalXml, reverseXml);
+//
+//        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, actualJsonString);
+//    }
+    
+    @Test (timeout = 6000)
+    public void testIssue484InfinteLoop1() {
+        try {
+            JSONML.toJSONObject("??*^M??|?CglR^F??`??>?w??PIlr^E??D^X^]?$?-^R?o??O?*??{OD?^FY??`2a????NM?b^Tq?:O?>S$^K?J?^FB.gUK?m^H??zE??^??!v]?^A???^[^A??^U?c??????h???s???g^Z???`?q^Dbi??:^QZl?)?}1^??k?0??:$V?$?Ovs(}J??^V????2;^QgQ?^_^A?^D?^U?Tg?K?`?h%c?hmGA?<!C*^P^Y?^X9?~?t?)??,z^XA???S}?Q??.q?j????]");
+            fail("Exception expected for invalid JSON.");
+        } catch (JSONException ex) {
+            assertEquals("Exception string did not match: ",
+                    "Unterminated string at 271 [character 272 line 1]",
+                    ex.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Test (timeout = 6000)
+    public void testIssue484InfinteLoop2() {
+        try {
+            String input = "??*\n" + 
+                    "??|?CglR??`??>?w??PIlr??D?$?-?o??O?*??{OD?Y??`2a????NM?bq?:O?>S$?J?B.gUK?m\b??zE???!v]?
???
???c??????h???s???g???`?qbi??:Zl?)?}1^??k?0??:$V?$?Ovs(}J??????2;gQ?
???Tg?K?`?h%c?hmGA?<!C*?9?~?t?)??,zA???S}?Q??.q?j????]";
+         JSONML.toJSONObject(input);
+            fail("Exception expected for invalid JSON.");
+        } catch (JSONException ex) {
+            assertEquals("Exception string did not match: ",
+                    "Unterminated string at 242 [character 238 line 2]",
+                    ex.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/JSONObjectLocaleTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+import org.json.junit.data.MyLocaleBean;
+import org.junit.*;
+
+/**
+ * Note: This file is saved as UTF-8. Do not save as ASCII or the tests will
+ * fail.
+ *
+ */
+public class JSONObjectLocaleTest {
+    /**
+     * JSONObject built from a bean with locale-specific keys.
+     * In the Turkish alphabet, there are 2 versions of the letter "i".
+     * 'eh' I ı (dotless i)
+     * 'ee' İ i (dotted i)
+     * A problem can occur when parsing the public get methods for a bean.
+     * If the method starts with getI... then the key name will be lowercased
+     * to 'i' in English, and 'ı' in Turkish.
+     * We want the keys to be consistent regardless of locale, so JSON-Java
+     * lowercase operations are made to be locale-neutral by specifying
+     * Locale.ROOT. This causes 'I' to be universally lowercased to 'i'
+     * regardless of the locale currently in effect.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void jsonObjectByLocaleBean() {
+
+        MyLocaleBean myLocaleBean = new MyLocaleBean();
+
+        /**
+         * This is just the control case which happens when the locale.ROOT
+         * lowercasing behavior is the same as the current locale.
+         */
+        Locale.setDefault(new Locale("en"));
+        JSONObject jsonen = new JSONObject(myLocaleBean);
+        assertEquals("expected size 2, found: " +jsonen.length(), 2, jsonen.length());
+        assertEquals("expected jsonen[i] == beanI", "beanI", jsonen.getString("i"));
+        assertEquals("expected jsonen[id] == beanId", "beanId", jsonen.getString("id"));
+
+        /**
+         * Without the JSON-Java change, these keys would be stored internally as
+         * starting with the letter, 'ı' (dotless i), since the lowercasing of
+         * the getI and getId keys would be specific to the Turkish locale.
+         */
+        Locale.setDefault(new Locale("tr"));
+        JSONObject jsontr = new JSONObject(myLocaleBean);
+        assertEquals("expected size 2, found: " +jsontr.length(), 2, jsontr.length());
+        assertEquals("expected jsontr[i] == beanI", "beanI", jsontr.getString("i"));
+        assertEquals("expected jsontr[id] == beanId", "beanId", jsontr.getString("id"));
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/JSONPointerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.json.JSONPointer;
+import org.json.JSONPointerException;
+import org.json.JSONTokener;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JSONPointerTest {
+
+    private static final JSONObject document;
+
+    static {
+        @SuppressWarnings("resource")
+        InputStream resourceAsStream = JSONPointerTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jsonpointer-testdoc.json");
+        if(resourceAsStream == null) {
+            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError("Unable to locate test file. Please check your development environment configuration");
+        }
+        document = new JSONObject(new JSONTokener(resourceAsStream));
+    }
+
+    private Object query(String pointer) {
+        return new JSONPointer(pointer).queryFrom(document);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void emptyPointer() {
+        assertSame(document, query(""));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullPointer() {
+        new JSONPointer((String) null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void objectPropertyQuery() {
+        assertSame(document.get("foo"), query("/foo"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void arrayIndexQuery() {
+        assertSame(document.getJSONArray("foo").get(0), query("/foo/0"));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = JSONPointerException.class)
+    public void stringPropOfArrayFailure() {
+        query("/foo/bar");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void queryByEmptyKey() {
+        assertSame(document.get(""), query("/"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void queryByEmptyKeySubObject() {
+        assertSame(document.getJSONObject("obj").getJSONObject(""), query("/obj/"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void queryByEmptyKeySubObjectSubOject() {
+        assertSame(
+            document.getJSONObject("obj").getJSONObject("").get(""),
+            query("/obj//")
+        );
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void queryByEmptyKeySubObjectValue() {
+        assertSame(
+            document.getJSONObject("obj").getJSONObject("").get("subKey"),
+            query("/obj//subKey")
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void slashEscaping() {
+        assertSame(document.get("a/b"), query("/a~1b"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void tildeEscaping() {
+        assertSame(document.get("m~n"), query("/m~0n"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void backslashEscaping() {
+        assertSame(document.get("i\\j"), query("/i\\\\j"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void quotationEscaping() {
+        assertSame(document.get("k\"l"), query("/k\\\\\\\"l"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whitespaceKey() {
+        assertSame(document.get(" "), query("/ "));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void uriFragmentNotation() {
+        assertSame(document.get("foo"), query("#/foo"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void uriFragmentNotationRoot() {
+        assertSame(document, query("#"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void uriFragmentPercentHandling() {
+        assertSame(document.get("c%d"), query("#/c%25d"));
+        assertSame(document.get("e^f"), query("#/e%5Ef"));
+        assertSame(document.get("g|h"), query("#/g%7Ch"));
+        assertSame(document.get("m~n"), query("#/m~0n"));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void syntaxError() {
+        new JSONPointer("key");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = JSONPointerException.class)
+    public void arrayIndexFailure() {
+        query("/foo/2");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = JSONPointerException.class)
+    public void primitiveFailure() {
+        query("/obj/key/failure");
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void builderTest() {
+        JSONPointer pointer = JSONPointer.builder()
+                .append("obj")
+                .append("other~key").append("another/key")
+                .append(0)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals("val", pointer.queryFrom(document));
+    }
+    
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullToken() {
+        JSONPointer.builder().append(null);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void toStringEscaping() {
+        JSONPointer pointer = JSONPointer.builder()
+                .append("obj")
+                .append("other~key").append("another/key")
+                .append("\"")
+                .append(0)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals("/obj/other~0key/another~1key/\\\"/0", pointer.toString());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void emptyPointerToString() {
+        assertEquals("", new JSONPointer("").toString());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void toURIFragment() {
+        assertEquals("#/c%25d", new JSONPointer("/c%d").toURIFragment());
+        assertEquals("#/e%5Ef", new JSONPointer("/e^f").toURIFragment());
+        assertEquals("#/g%7Ch", new JSONPointer("/g|h").toURIFragment());
+        assertEquals("#/m%7En", new JSONPointer("/m~n").toURIFragment());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void tokenListIsCopiedInConstructor() {
+        JSONPointer.Builder b = JSONPointer.builder().append("key1");
+        JSONPointer jp1 = b.build();
+        b.append("key2");
+        JSONPointer jp2 = b.build();
+        if(jp1.toString().equals(jp2.toString())) {
+            fail("Oops, my pointers are sharing a backing array");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Coverage for JSONObject query(String)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void queryFromJSONObject() {
+        String str = "{"+
+                "\"stringKey\":\"hello world!\","+
+                "\"arrayKey\":[0,1,2],"+
+                "\"objectKey\": {"+
+                    "\"a\":\"aVal\","+
+                    "\"b\":\"bVal\""+
+                "}"+
+            "}";    
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(str);
+        Object obj = jsonObject.query("/stringKey");
+        assertTrue("Expected 'hello world!'", "hello world!".equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonObject.query("/arrayKey/1");
+        assertTrue("Expected 1", Integer.valueOf(1).equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonObject.query("/objectKey/b");
+        assertTrue("Expected bVal", "bVal".equals(obj));
+        try {
+            obj = jsonObject.query("/a/b/c");
+            assertTrue("Expected JSONPointerException", false);
+        } catch (JSONPointerException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected bad key/value exception",
+                    "value [null] is not an array or object therefore its key b cannot be resolved".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Coverage for JSONObject query(JSONPointer)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void queryFromJSONObjectUsingPointer() {
+        String str = "{"+
+                "\"stringKey\":\"hello world!\","+
+                "\"arrayKey\":[0,1,2],"+
+                "\"objectKey\": {"+
+                    "\"a\":\"aVal\","+
+                    "\"b\":\"bVal\""+
+                "}"+
+            "}";    
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(str);
+        Object obj = jsonObject.query(new JSONPointer("/stringKey"));
+        assertTrue("Expected 'hello world!'", "hello world!".equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonObject.query(new JSONPointer("/arrayKey/1"));
+        assertTrue("Expected 1", Integer.valueOf(1).equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonObject.query(new JSONPointer("/objectKey/b"));
+        assertTrue("Expected bVal", "bVal".equals(obj));
+        try {
+            obj = jsonObject.query(new JSONPointer("/a/b/c"));
+            assertTrue("Expected JSONPointerException", false);
+        } catch (JSONPointerException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected bad key/value exception",
+                    "value [null] is not an array or object therefore its key b cannot be resolved".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Coverage for JSONObject optQuery(JSONPointer)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void optQueryFromJSONObjectUsingPointer() {
+        String str = "{"+
+                "\"stringKey\":\"hello world!\","+
+                "\"arrayKey\":[0,1,2],"+
+                "\"objectKey\": {"+
+                    "\"a\":\"aVal\","+
+                    "\"b\":\"bVal\""+
+                "}"+
+            "}";    
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(str);
+        Object obj = jsonObject.optQuery(new JSONPointer("/stringKey"));
+        assertTrue("Expected 'hello world!'", "hello world!".equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonObject.optQuery(new JSONPointer("/arrayKey/1"));
+        assertTrue("Expected 1", Integer.valueOf(1).equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonObject.optQuery(new JSONPointer("/objectKey/b"));
+        assertTrue("Expected bVal", "bVal".equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonObject.optQuery(new JSONPointer("/a/b/c"));
+        assertTrue("Expected null", obj == null);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Coverage for JSONArray query(String)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void queryFromJSONArray() {
+        String str = "["+
+                "\"hello world!\","+
+                "[0,1,2],"+
+                "{"+
+                    "\"a\":\"aVal\","+
+                    "\"b\":\"bVal\""+
+                "}"+
+            "]";    
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(str);
+        Object obj = jsonArray.query("/0");
+        assertTrue("Expected 'hello world!'", "hello world!".equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonArray.query("/1/1");
+        assertTrue("Expected 1", Integer.valueOf(1).equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonArray.query("/2/b");
+        assertTrue("Expected bVal", "bVal".equals(obj));
+        try {
+            obj = jsonArray.query("/a/b/c");
+            assertTrue("Expected JSONPointerException", false);
+        } catch (JSONPointerException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected bad index exception",
+                    "a is not an array index".equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Coverage for JSONArray query(JSONPointer)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void queryFromJSONArrayUsingPointer() {
+        String str = "["+
+                "\"hello world!\","+
+                "[0,1,2],"+
+                "{"+
+                    "\"a\":\"aVal\","+
+                    "\"b\":\"bVal\""+
+                "}"+
+            "]";    
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(str);
+        Object obj = jsonArray.query(new JSONPointer("/0"));
+        assertTrue("Expected 'hello world!'", "hello world!".equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonArray.query(new JSONPointer("/1/1"));
+        assertTrue("Expected 1", Integer.valueOf(1).equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonArray.query(new JSONPointer("/2/b"));
+        assertTrue("Expected bVal", "bVal".equals(obj));
+        try {
+            obj = jsonArray.query(new JSONPointer("/a/b/c"));
+            assertTrue("Expected JSONPointerException", false);
+        } catch (JSONPointerException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected bad index exception",
+                    "a is not an array index".equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Coverage for JSONArray optQuery(JSONPointer)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void optQueryFromJSONArrayUsingPointer() {
+        String str = "["+
+                "\"hello world!\","+
+                "[0,1,2],"+
+                "{"+
+                    "\"a\":\"aVal\","+
+                    "\"b\":\"bVal\""+
+                "}"+
+            "]";    
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(str);
+        Object obj = jsonArray.optQuery(new JSONPointer("/0"));
+        assertTrue("Expected 'hello world!'", "hello world!".equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonArray.optQuery(new JSONPointer("/1/1"));
+        assertTrue("Expected 1", Integer.valueOf(1).equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonArray.optQuery(new JSONPointer("/2/b"));
+        assertTrue("Expected bVal", "bVal".equals(obj));
+        obj = jsonArray.optQuery(new JSONPointer("/a/b/c"));
+        assertTrue("Expected null", obj == null);
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/JSONStringTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for JSONString implementations, and the difference between
+ * {@link JSONObject#valueToString} and {@link JSONObject#writeValue}.
+ */
+public class JSONStringTest {
+
+    /**
+     * This tests the JSONObject.writeValue() method. We can't test directly
+     * due to it being a package-protected method. Instead, we can call
+     * JSONArray.write(), which delegates the writing of each entry to
+     * writeValue().
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void writeValues() throws Exception {
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+        jsonArray.put((Object)null);
+
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[null]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            jsonArray.put(JSONObject.NULL);
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[null]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            jsonArray.put(new JSONObject());
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[{}]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            jsonArray.put(new JSONArray());
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[[]]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            Map<?,?> singleMap = Collections.singletonMap("key1", "value1");
+            jsonArray.put((Object)singleMap);
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[{\"key1\":\"value1\"}]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            List<?> singleList = Collections.singletonList("entry1");
+            jsonArray.put((Object)singleList);
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[[\"entry1\"]]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            int[] intArray = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
+            jsonArray.put(intArray);
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[[1,2,3]]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            jsonArray.put(24);
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[24]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            jsonArray.put("string value");
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[\"string value\"]".equals(output));
+    
+            jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+            jsonArray.put(true);
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+        writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[true]".equals(output));
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This tests the JSONObject.valueToString() method. These should be
+     * identical to the values above, except for the enclosing [ and ].
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("boxing")
+    @Test
+    public void valuesToString() throws Exception {
+
+        String output = JSONObject.valueToString(null);
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "null".equals(output));
+
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString(JSONObject.NULL);
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "null".equals(output));
+
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString(new JSONObject());
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "{}".equals(output));
+
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString(new JSONArray());
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[]".equals(output));
+
+        Map<?,?> singleMap = Collections.singletonMap("key1", "value1");
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString(singleMap);
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "{\"key1\":\"value1\"}".equals(output));
+
+        List<?> singleList = Collections.singletonList("entry1");
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString(singleList);
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[\"entry1\"]".equals(output));
+
+        int[] intArray = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString(intArray);
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[1,2,3]".equals(output));
+
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString(24);
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "24".equals(output));
+
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString("string value");
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "\"string value\"".equals(output));
+
+        output = JSONObject.valueToString(true);
+        assertTrue("String values should be equal", "true".equals(output));
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test what happens when toJSONString() returns a well-formed JSON value.
+     * This is the usual case.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testJSONStringValue() throws Exception {
+        JSONStringValue jsonString = new JSONStringValue();
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+
+        jsonArray.put(jsonString);
+
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[\"the JSON string value\"]".equals(output));
+    
+            output = JSONObject.valueToString(jsonString);
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "\"the JSON string value\"".equals(output));
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test what happens when toJSONString() returns null. In one case,
+     * use the object's toString() method. In the other, throw a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testJSONNullStringValue() throws Exception {
+        JSONNullStringValue jsonString = new JSONNullStringValue();
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+
+        jsonArray.put(jsonString);
+
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[\"the toString value\"]".equals(output));
+    
+            // The only different between writeValue() and valueToString():
+            // in this case, valueToString throws a JSONException
+            try {
+                output = JSONObject.valueToString(jsonString);
+                fail("Expected an exception, got a String value");
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                assertTrue("Expected JSONException", e instanceof JSONException);
+                assertTrue("Exception message does not match", "Bad value from toJSONString: null".equals(e.getMessage()));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test what happens when toJSONString() returns an exception. In both
+     * cases, a JSONException is thrown, with the cause and message set from
+     * the original exception.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testJSONStringExceptionValue() throws IOException {
+        JSONStringExceptionValue jsonString = new JSONStringExceptionValue();
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+
+        jsonArray.put(jsonString);
+
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            fail("Expected an exception, got a String value");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Unable to write JSONArray value at index: 0", e.getMessage());
+        } catch(Exception e) {
+            fail("Expected JSONException");
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            JSONObject.valueToString(jsonString);
+            fail("Expected an exception, got a String value");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Exception message does not match", "the exception value".equals(e.getMessage()));
+        } catch(Exception e) {
+            fail("Expected JSONException");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test what happens when a Java object's toString() returns a String value.
+     * This is the usual case.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testStringValue() throws Exception {
+        StringValue nonJsonString = new StringValue();
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+
+        jsonArray.put(nonJsonString);
+
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[\"the toString value for StringValue\"]".equals(output));
+    
+            output = JSONObject.valueToString(nonJsonString);
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "\"the toString value for StringValue\"".equals(output));
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test what happens when a Java object's toString() returns null.
+     * Defaults to empty string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNullStringValue() throws Exception {
+        NullStringValue nonJsonString = new NullStringValue();
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
+
+        jsonArray.put(nonJsonString);
+
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        try {
+            String output = jsonArray.write(writer).toString();
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "[\"\"]".equals(output));
+    
+            output = JSONObject.valueToString(nonJsonString);
+            assertTrue("String values should be equal", "\"\"".equals(output));
+        } finally {
+            writer.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A JSONString that returns a valid JSON string value.
+     */
+    private static final class JSONStringValue implements JSONString {
+
+        @Override
+        public String toJSONString() {
+            return "\"the JSON string value\"";
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "the toString value for JSONStringValue";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A JSONString that returns null when calling toJSONString().
+     */
+    private static final class JSONNullStringValue implements JSONString {
+
+        @Override
+        public String toJSONString() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "the toString value";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A JSONString that throw an exception when calling toJSONString().
+     */
+    private static final class JSONStringExceptionValue implements JSONString {
+
+        @Override
+        public String toJSONString() {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("the exception value");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "the toString value for JSONStringExceptionValue";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class StringValue {
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "the toString value for StringValue";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class NullStringValue {
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/JSONStringerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.jayway.jsonpath.*;
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests for JSON-Java JSONStringer and JSONWriter.
+ */
+public class JSONStringerTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Object with a null key.
+     * Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void nullKeyException() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        jsonStringer.object();
+        try {
+            jsonStringer.key(null);
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception message",
+                    "Null key.".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a key with no object.
+     * Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void outOfSequenceException() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        try {
+            jsonStringer.key("hi");
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception message",
+                    "Misplaced key.".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Missplace an array.
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void missplacedArrayException() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        jsonStringer.object().endObject();
+        try {
+            jsonStringer.array();
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception message",
+                    "Misplaced array.".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Missplace an endErray.
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void missplacedEndArrayException() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        jsonStringer.object();
+        try {
+            jsonStringer.endArray();
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception message",
+                    "Misplaced endArray.".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Missplace an endObject.
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void missplacedEndObjectException() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        jsonStringer.array();
+        try {
+            jsonStringer.endObject();
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception message",
+                    "Misplaced endObject.".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Missplace an object.
+     * Expects a JSONException.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void missplacedObjectException() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        jsonStringer.object().endObject();
+        try {
+            jsonStringer.object();
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception", false);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception message",
+                    "Misplaced object.".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exceeds implementation max nesting depth.
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void exceedNestDepthException() {
+        try {
+            JSONStringer s = new JSONStringer();
+            s.object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object();
+            s.key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().
+            key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object().key("k").object();
+            fail("Expected an exception message");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertTrue("Expected an exception message",
+                    "Nesting too deep.".
+                    equals(e.getMessage()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build a JSON doc using JSONString API calls,
+     * then convert to JSONObject
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void simpleObjectString() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        jsonStringer.object();
+        jsonStringer.key("trueValue").value(true);
+        jsonStringer.key("falseValue").value(false);
+        jsonStringer.key("nullValue").value(null);
+        jsonStringer.key("stringValue").value("hello world!");
+        jsonStringer.key("complexStringValue").value("h\be\tllo w\u1234orld!");
+        jsonStringer.key("intValue").value(42);
+        jsonStringer.key("doubleValue").value(-23.45e67);
+        jsonStringer.endObject();
+        String str = jsonStringer.toString();
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(str);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 7 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 7);
+        assertTrue("expected true", Boolean.TRUE.equals(jsonObject.query("/trueValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected false", Boolean.FALSE.equals(jsonObject.query("/falseValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected null", JSONObject.NULL.equals(jsonObject.query("/nullValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected hello world!", "hello world!".equals(jsonObject.query("/stringValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected h\be\tllo w\u1234orld!", "h\be\tllo w\u1234orld!".equals(jsonObject.query("/complexStringValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected 42", Integer.valueOf(42).equals(jsonObject.query("/intValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected -23.45e67", Double.valueOf(-23.45e67).equals(jsonObject.query("/doubleValue")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build a JSON doc using JSONString API calls,
+     * then convert to JSONArray
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void simpleArrayString() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        jsonStringer.array();
+        jsonStringer.value(true);
+        jsonStringer.value(false);
+        jsonStringer.value(null);
+        jsonStringer.value("hello world!");
+        jsonStringer.value(42);
+        jsonStringer.value(-23.45e67);
+        jsonStringer.endArray();
+        String str = jsonStringer.toString();
+        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(str);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonArray.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 6 top level items", ((List<?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 6);
+        assertTrue("expected true", Boolean.TRUE.equals(jsonArray.query("/0")));
+        assertTrue("expected false", Boolean.FALSE.equals(jsonArray.query("/1")));
+        assertTrue("expected null", JSONObject.NULL.equals(jsonArray.query("/2")));
+        assertTrue("expected hello world!", "hello world!".equals(jsonArray.query("/3")));
+        assertTrue("expected 42", Integer.valueOf(42).equals(jsonArray.query("/4")));
+        assertTrue("expected -23.45e67", Double.valueOf(-23.45e67).equals(jsonArray.query("/5")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build a nested JSON doc using JSONString API calls, then convert to
+     * JSONObject. Will create a long cascade of output by reusing the
+     * returned values..
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void complexObjectString() {
+        JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
+        jsonStringer.object().
+            key("trueValue").value(true).
+            key("falseValue").value(false).
+            key("nullValue").value(null).
+            key("stringValue").value("hello world!").
+            key("object2").object().
+            key("k1").value("v1").
+            key("k2").value("v2").
+            key("k3").value("v3").
+            key("array1").array().
+            value(1).
+            value(2).
+            object().
+            key("k4").value("v4").
+            key("k5").value("v5").
+            key("k6").value("v6").
+            key("array2").array().
+            value(5).
+            value(6).
+            value(7).
+            value(8).
+            endArray().
+            endObject().
+            value(3).
+            value(4).
+            endArray().
+            endObject().
+            key("complexStringValue").value("h\be\tllo w\u1234orld!").
+            key("intValue").value(42).
+            key("doubleValue").value(-23.45e67).
+            endObject();
+        String str = jsonStringer.toString();
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(str);
+
+        // validate JSON content
+        Object doc = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonObject.toString());
+        assertTrue("expected 8 top level items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$"))).size() == 8);
+        assertTrue("expected 4 object2 items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$.object2"))).size() == 4);
+        assertTrue("expected 5 array1 items", ((List<?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$.object2.array1"))).size() == 5);
+        assertTrue("expected 4 array[2] items", ((Map<?,?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$.object2.array1[2]"))).size() == 4);
+        assertTrue("expected 4 array1[2].array2 items", ((List<?>)(JsonPath.read(doc, "$.object2.array1[2].array2"))).size() == 4);
+        assertTrue("expected true", Boolean.TRUE.equals(jsonObject.query("/trueValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected false", Boolean.FALSE.equals(jsonObject.query("/falseValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected null", JSONObject.NULL.equals(jsonObject.query("/nullValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected hello world!", "hello world!".equals(jsonObject.query("/stringValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected 42", Integer.valueOf(42).equals(jsonObject.query("/intValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected -23.45e67", Double.valueOf(-23.45e67).equals(jsonObject.query("/doubleValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected h\be\tllo w\u1234orld!", "h\be\tllo w\u1234orld!".equals(jsonObject.query("/complexStringValue")));
+        assertTrue("expected v1", "v1".equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/k1")));
+        assertTrue("expected v2", "v2".equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/k2")));
+        assertTrue("expected v3", "v3".equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/k3")));
+        assertTrue("expected 1", Integer.valueOf(1).equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/0")));
+        assertTrue("expected 2", Integer.valueOf(2).equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/1")));
+        assertTrue("expected v4", "v4".equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/2/k4")));
+        assertTrue("expected v5", "v5".equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/2/k5")));
+        assertTrue("expected v6", "v6".equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/2/k6")));
+        assertTrue("expected 5", Integer.valueOf(5).equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/2/array2/0")));
+        assertTrue("expected 6", Integer.valueOf(6).equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/2/array2/1")));
+        assertTrue("expected 7", Integer.valueOf(7).equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/2/array2/2")));
+        assertTrue("expected 8", Integer.valueOf(8).equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/2/array2/3")));
+        assertTrue("expected 3", Integer.valueOf(3).equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/3")));
+        assertTrue("expected 4", Integer.valueOf(4).equals(jsonObject.query("/object2/array1/4")));
+    }
+
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/JSONTokenerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.json.JSONTokener;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test specific to the {@link org.json.JSONTokener} class.
+ * @author John Aylward
+ *
+ */
+public class JSONTokenerTest {
+
+    /**
+     * verify that back() fails as expected.
+     * @throws IOException thrown if something unexpected happens.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void verifyBackFailureZeroIndex() throws IOException {
+        try(Reader reader = new StringReader("some test string")) {
+            final JSONTokener tokener = new JSONTokener(reader);
+            try {
+                // this should fail since the index is 0;
+                tokener.back();
+                fail("Expected an exception");
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                assertEquals("Stepping back two steps is not supported", e.getMessage());
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail("Unknown Exception type " + e.getClass().getCanonicalName()+" with message "+e.getMessage());
+            }
+            
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * verify that back() fails as expected.
+     * @throws IOException thrown if something unexpected happens.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void verifyBackFailureDoubleBack() throws IOException {
+        try(Reader reader = new StringReader("some test string")) {
+            final JSONTokener tokener = new JSONTokener(reader);
+            tokener.next();
+            tokener.back();
+            try {
+                // this should fail since the index is 0;
+                tokener.back();
+                fail("Expected an exception");
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                assertEquals("Stepping back two steps is not supported", e.getMessage());
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail("Unknown Exception type " + e.getClass().getCanonicalName()+" with message "+e.getMessage());
+            }
+       }
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testValid() {
+        checkValid("0",Number.class);
+        checkValid(" 0  ",Number.class);
+        checkValid("23",Number.class);
+        checkValid("23.5",Number.class);
+        checkValid(" 23.5  ",Number.class);
+        checkValid("null",null);
+        checkValid(" null  ",null);
+        checkValid("true",Boolean.class);
+        checkValid(" true\n",Boolean.class);
+        checkValid("false",Boolean.class);
+        checkValid("\nfalse  ",Boolean.class);
+        checkValid("{}",JSONObject.class);
+        checkValid(" {}  ",JSONObject.class);
+        checkValid("{\"a\":1}",JSONObject.class);
+        checkValid(" {\"a\":1}  ",JSONObject.class);
+        checkValid("[]",JSONArray.class);
+        checkValid(" []  ",JSONArray.class);
+        checkValid("[1,2]",JSONArray.class);
+        checkValid("\n\n[1,2]\n\n",JSONArray.class);
+        checkValid("1 2", String.class);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testErrors() {
+        // Check that stream can detect that a value is found after
+        // the first one
+        checkError(" { \"a\":1 }  4 ");
+        checkError("null \"a\"");
+        checkError("{} true");
+    }
+    
+    private Object checkValid(String testStr, Class<?> aClass)  {
+        Object result = nextValue(testStr);
+
+        // Check class of object returned
+        if( null == aClass ) {
+            if(JSONObject.NULL.equals(result)) {
+                // OK
+            } else {
+                throw new JSONException("Unexpected class: "+result.getClass().getSimpleName());
+            }
+        } else {
+            if( null == result ) {
+                throw new JSONException("Unexpected null result");
+            } else if(!aClass.isAssignableFrom(result.getClass()) ) {
+                throw new JSONException("Unexpected class: "+result.getClass().getSimpleName());
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private void checkError(String testStr) {
+        try {
+            nextValue(testStr);
+            
+            fail("Error should be triggered: (\""+testStr+"\")");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            // OK
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Verifies that JSONTokener can read a stream that contains a value. After
+     * the reading is done, check that the stream is left in the correct state
+     * by reading the characters after. All valid cases should reach end of stream.
+     * @param testStr
+     * @return
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    private Object nextValue(String testStr) throws JSONException {
+        try(StringReader sr = new StringReader(testStr);){
+            JSONTokener tokener = new JSONTokener(sr);
+    
+            Object result = tokener.nextValue();
+    
+            if( result == null ) {
+                throw new JSONException("Unable to find value token in JSON stream: ("+tokener+"): "+testStr);
+            }
+            
+            char c = tokener.nextClean();
+            if( 0 != c ) {
+                throw new JSONException("Unexpected character found at end of JSON stream: "+c+ " ("+tokener+"): "+testStr);
+            }
+    
+            return result;
+        }
+
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests the failure of the skipTo method with a buffered reader. Preferably
+     * we'd like this not to fail but at this time we don't have a good recovery.
+     * 
+     * @throws IOException thrown if something unexpected happens.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipToFailureWithBufferedReader() throws IOException {
+        final byte[] superLongBuffer = new byte[1000001];
+        // fill our buffer
+        for(int i=0;i<superLongBuffer.length;i++) {
+            superLongBuffer[i] = 'A';
+        }
+        try(Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(superLongBuffer)))) {
+            final JSONTokener tokener = new JSONTokener(reader);
+            try {
+                // this should fail since the internal markAhead buffer is only 1,000,000
+                // but 'B' doesn't exist in our buffer that is 1,000,001 in size
+                tokener.skipTo('B');
+                fail("Expected exception");
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                assertEquals("Mark invalid", e.getMessage());
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail("Unknown Exception type " + e.getClass().getCanonicalName()+" with message "+e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the success of the skipTo method with a String reader.
+     * 
+     * @throws IOException thrown if something unexpected happens.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipToSuccessWithStringReader() throws IOException {
+        final StringBuilder superLongBuffer = new StringBuilder(1000001);
+        // fill our buffer
+        for(int i=0;i<superLongBuffer.length();i++) {
+            superLongBuffer.append('A');
+        }
+        try(Reader reader = new StringReader(superLongBuffer.toString())) {
+            final JSONTokener tokener = new JSONTokener(reader);
+            try {
+                // this should not fail since the internal markAhead is ignored for StringReaders
+                tokener.skipTo('B');
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail("Unknown Exception type " + e.getClass().getCanonicalName()+" with message "+e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that next and back are working properly and tracking the correct positions
+     * with different new line combinations.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNextBackComboWithNewLines() {
+        final String testString = "this is\nA test\r\nWith some different\rNew Lines";
+        //                         ^       ^         ^                    ^
+        // index positions         0       8        16                   36
+        final JSONTokener tokener = new JSONTokener(testString);
+        assertEquals(" at 0 [character 1 line 1]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('t',tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 1 [character 2 line 1]", tokener.toString());
+        tokener.skipTo('\n');
+        assertEquals("skipTo() improperly modifying indexes"," at 7 [character 8 line 1]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('\n',tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 8 [character 0 line 2]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('A',tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 9 [character 1 line 2]", tokener.toString());
+        tokener.back();
+        assertEquals(" at 8 [character 0 line 2]", tokener.toString());
+        tokener.skipTo('\r');
+        assertEquals("skipTo() improperly modifying indexes"," at 14 [character 6 line 2]", tokener.toString());
+        // verify \r\n combo doesn't increment the line twice
+        assertEquals('\r', tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 15 [character 0 line 3]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('\n', tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 16 [character 0 line 3]", tokener.toString());
+        // verify stepping back after reading the \n of an \r\n combo doesn't  increment the line incorrectly
+        tokener.back();
+        assertEquals(" at 15 [character 6 line 2]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('\n', tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 16 [character 0 line 3]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('W', tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 17 [character 1 line 3]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('i', tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 18 [character 2 line 3]", tokener.toString());
+        tokener.skipTo('\r');
+        assertEquals("skipTo() improperly modifying indexes"," at 35 [character 19 line 3]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('\r', tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 36 [character 0 line 4]", tokener.toString());
+        tokener.back();
+        assertEquals(" at 35 [character 19 line 3]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('\r', tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 36 [character 0 line 4]", tokener.toString());
+        assertEquals('N', tokener.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 37 [character 1 line 4]", tokener.toString());
+        
+        // verify we get the same data just walking though, no calls to back
+        final JSONTokener t2 = new JSONTokener(testString);
+        for(int i=0; i<7; i++) {
+            assertTrue(t2.toString().startsWith(" at " + i + " "));
+            assertEquals(testString.charAt(i), t2.next());
+        }
+        assertEquals(" at 7 [character 8 line 1]", t2.toString());
+        assertEquals(testString.charAt(7), t2.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 8 [character 0 line 2]", t2.toString());
+        for(int i=8; i<14; i++) {
+            assertTrue(t2.toString().startsWith(" at " + i + " "));
+            assertEquals(testString.charAt(i), t2.next());
+        }
+        assertEquals(" at 14 [character 6 line 2]", t2.toString());
+        assertEquals('\r', t2.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 15 [character 0 line 3]", t2.toString());
+        assertEquals('\n', t2.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 16 [character 0 line 3]", t2.toString());
+        assertEquals('W', t2.next());
+        assertEquals(" at 17 [character 1 line 3]", t2.toString());
+        for(int i=17; i<37; i++) {
+            assertTrue(t2.toString().startsWith(" at " + i + " "));
+            assertEquals(testString.charAt(i), t2.next());
+        }
+        assertEquals(" at 37 [character 1 line 4]", t2.toString());
+        for(int i=37; i<testString.length(); i++) {
+            assertTrue(t2.toString().startsWith(" at " + i + " "));
+            assertEquals(testString.charAt(i), t2.next());
+        }
+        assertEquals(" at "+ testString.length() +" [character 9 line 4]", t2.toString());
+        // end of the input
+        assertEquals(0, t2.next());
+        assertFalse(t2.more());
+   }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/JunitTestSuite.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Suite;
+@RunWith(Suite.class)
+@Suite.SuiteClasses({
+   CDLTest.class,
+   CookieTest.class,
+   CookieListTest.class,
+   PropertyTest.class,
+   XMLTest.class,
+   JSONMLTest.class,
+   HTTPTest.class,
+   JSONStringerTest.class,
+   JSONObjectTest.class,
+   JSONObjectLocaleTest.class,
+   JSONArrayTest.class,
+   EnumTest.class,
+   JSONPointerTest.class,
+   JSONStringTest.class,
+   JSONTokenerTest.class,
+   XMLConfigurationTest.class
+})
+public class JunitTestSuite {
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/PropertyTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests for JSON-Java Property
+ */
+public class PropertyTest {
+
+    /**
+     * JSONObject from null properties object should
+     * result in an empty JSONObject.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNullProperties() {
+        Properties properties = null;
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Property.toJSONObject(properties);
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should be empty", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSONObject from empty properties object should
+     * result in an empty JSONObject.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyProperties() {
+        Properties properties = new Properties();
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Property.toJSONObject(properties);
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should be empty", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSONObject from simple properties object.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleProperties() {
+        Properties properties = new Properties();
+        
+        properties.put("Illinois", "Springfield");
+        properties.put("Missouri", "Jefferson City");
+        properties.put("Washington", "Olympia");
+        properties.put("California", "Sacramento");
+        properties.put("Indiana", "Indianapolis");
+
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Property.toJSONObject(properties);
+
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should contain 5 items", jsonObject.length() == 5);
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should contain Illinois property", 
+                "Springfield".equals(jsonObject.get("Illinois")));
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should contain Missouri property", 
+                "Jefferson City".equals(jsonObject.get("Missouri")));
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should contain Washington property", 
+                "Olympia".equals(jsonObject.get("Washington")));
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should contain California property", 
+                "Sacramento".equals(jsonObject.get("California")));
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should contain Indiana property", 
+                "Indianapolis".equals(jsonObject.get("Indiana")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Null JSONObject toProperties() should result in an empty
+     * Properties object.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNullJSONProperty() {
+        JSONObject jsonObject= null;
+        Properties properties = Property.toProperties(jsonObject);
+        assertTrue("properties should be empty", 
+                properties.size() == 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Properties should convert to JSONObject, and back to
+     * Properties without changing.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleJSONProperty() {
+        Properties properties = new Properties();
+        
+        properties.put("Illinois", "Springfield");
+        properties.put("Missouri", "Jefferson City");
+        properties.put("Washington", "Olympia");
+        properties.put("California", "Sacramento");
+        properties.put("Indiana", "Indianapolis");
+
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Property.toJSONObject(properties);
+        Properties jsonProperties = Property.toProperties(jsonObject);
+
+        assertTrue("property objects should match", 
+                properties.equals(jsonProperties));
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/TestRunner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
+import org.junit.runner.Result;
+import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
+
+/**
+ * Invoke this class main method if you want to run unit tests from the
+ * command line. If successful, will print "true" to stdout.
+ */
+public class TestRunner {
+   public static void main(String[] args) {
+      Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(JunitTestSuite.class);
+      for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
+         System.out.println(failure.toString());
+      }
+      System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
+   }
+}  

src/test/java/org/json/junit/Util.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.json.*;
+
+/**
+ * These are helpful utility methods that perform basic comparisons
+ * between various objects. In most cases, the comparisons are not
+ * order-dependent, or else the order is known.
+ */
+public class Util {
+
+    /**
+     * Compares two JSONArrays for equality.
+     * The arrays need not be in the same order.
+     * @param jsonArray created by the code to be tested
+     * @param expectedJsonArray created specifically for comparing
+     */
+    public static void compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(JSONArray jsonArray,
+            JSONArray expectedJsonArray) {
+        assertTrue("jsonArray lengths should be equal",
+                jsonArray.length() == expectedJsonArray.length());
+        for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); ++i) {
+            Object value = jsonArray.get(i);
+            Object expectedValue = expectedJsonArray.get(i);
+            compareActualVsExpectedObjects(value, expectedValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares two JSONObjects for equality. The objects need not be
+     * in the same order 
+     * @param jsonObject created by the code to be tested
+     * @param expectedJsonObject created specifically for comparing
+     */
+    public static void compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(
+            JSONObject jsonObject, JSONObject expectedJsonObject) {
+        assertTrue("jsonObjects should have the same length",
+                jsonObject.length() == expectedJsonObject.length());
+        Iterator<String> keys = jsonObject.keys();
+        while (keys.hasNext()) {
+            String key = keys.next();
+            Object value = jsonObject.get(key);
+            Object expectedValue = expectedJsonObject.get(key);
+            compareActualVsExpectedObjects(value, expectedValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compare two objects for equality. Might be JSONArray, JSONObject,
+     * or something else.
+     * @param value created by the code to be tested
+     * @param expectedValue created specifically for comparing
+     * @param key key to the jsonObject entry to be compared
+     */
+    private static void compareActualVsExpectedObjects(Object value,
+            Object expectedValue) {
+        if (value instanceof JSONObject && expectedValue instanceof JSONObject) {
+            // Compare JSONObjects
+            JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject)value;
+            JSONObject expectedJsonObject = (JSONObject)expectedValue;
+            compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(
+                    jsonObject, expectedJsonObject);
+        } else if (value instanceof JSONArray && expectedValue instanceof JSONArray) {
+            // Compare JSONArrays
+            JSONArray jsonArray = (JSONArray)value;
+            JSONArray expectedJsonArray = (JSONArray)expectedValue;
+            compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(
+                    jsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+        } else {
+            /**
+             * Compare all other types using toString(). First, the types must
+             * also be equal, unless both are Number type. Certain helper
+             * classes (e.g. XML) may create Long instead of Integer for small
+             * int values.
+             */
+            if (!(value instanceof Number && expectedValue instanceof Number)) {
+                // Non-Number and non-matching types
+                assertTrue("object types should be equal for actual: "+
+                    value.toString()+" ("+
+                    value.getClass().toString()+") expected: "+
+                    expectedValue.toString()+" ("+
+                    expectedValue.getClass().toString()+")",
+                    value.getClass().toString().equals(
+                            expectedValue.getClass().toString()));
+            }
+            /**
+             * Same types or both Numbers, compare by toString()
+             */
+            assertTrue("string values should be equal for actual: "+
+                value.toString()+" expected: "+expectedValue.toString(),
+                value.toString().equals(expectedValue.toString()));
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/XMLConfigurationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,930 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.json.XML;
+import org.json.XMLParserConfiguration;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests for JSON-Java XML.java with XMLParserConfiguration.java
+ */
+public class XMLConfigurationTest {
+    /**
+     * JUnit supports temporary files and folders that are cleaned up after the test.
+     * https://garygregory.wordpress.com/2010/01/20/junit-tip-use-rules-to-manage-temporary-files-and-folders/ 
+     */
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder testFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    /**
+     * JSONObject from a null XML string.
+     * Expects a NullPointerException
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void shouldHandleNullXML() {
+        String xmlStr = null;
+        JSONObject jsonObject = 
+                XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should be empty", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Empty JSONObject from an empty XML string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyXML() {
+
+        String xmlStr = "";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = 
+                XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should be empty", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Empty JSONObject from a non-XML string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNonXML() {
+        String xmlStr = "{ \"this is\": \"not xml\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = 
+                XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertTrue("xml string should be empty", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string (tag contains a frontslash).
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleInvalidSlashInTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/x>\n"+
+            "       <street>abc street</street>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Misshaped tag at 176 [character 14 line 4]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string ('!' char in tag)
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleInvalidBangInTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <!>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Misshaped meta tag at 214 [character 12 line 7]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string ('!' char and no closing tag brace)
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleInvalidBangNoCloseInTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <!\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Misshaped meta tag at 213 [character 12 line 7]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string (no end brace for tag)
+     * Expects JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNoCloseStartTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <abc\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Misplaced '<' at 193 [character 4 line 6]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string (partial CDATA chars in tag name)
+     * Expects JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleInvalidCDATABangInTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name>Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+            "       <![[]>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XMLParserConfiguration config = 
+                    new XMLParserConfiguration("altContent");
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, config);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Expected 'CDATA[' at 204 [character 11 line 5]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Null JSONObject in XML.toString()
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNullJSONXML() {
+        JSONObject jsonObject= null;
+        String actualXml = XML.toString(jsonObject, null,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals("generated XML does not equal expected XML","\"null\"",actualXml);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Empty JSONObject in XML.toString()
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyJSONXML() {
+        JSONObject jsonObject= new JSONObject();
+        String xmlStr = XML.toString(jsonObject, null,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertTrue("xml string should be empty", xmlStr.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * No SML start tag. The ending tag ends up being treated as content.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNoStartTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <nocontent/>>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\",\""+
+            "content\":\">\"},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Valid XML to JSONObject
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleSimpleXML() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "   <address>\n"+
+            "       <name>Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+            "       <street>[CDATA[Baker street 5]</street>\n"+
+            "       <NothingHere/>\n"+
+            "       <TrueValue>true</TrueValue>\n"+
+            "       <FalseValue>false</FalseValue>\n"+
+            "       <NullValue>null</NullValue>\n"+
+            "       <PositiveValue>42</PositiveValue>\n"+
+            "       <NegativeValue>-23</NegativeValue>\n"+
+            "       <DoubleValue>-23.45</DoubleValue>\n"+
+            "       <Nan>-23x.45</Nan>\n"+
+            "       <ArrayOfNum>1, 2, 3, 4.1, 5.2</ArrayOfNum>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"street\":\"[CDATA[Baker street 5]\","+
+            "\"name\":\"Joe Tester\",\"NothingHere\":\"\",TrueValue:true,\n"+
+            "\"FalseValue\":false,\"NullValue\":null,\"PositiveValue\":42,\n"+
+            "\"NegativeValue\":-23,\"DoubleValue\":-23.45,\"Nan\":-23x.45,\n"+
+            "\"ArrayOfNum\":\"1, 2, 3, 4.1, 5.2\"\n"+
+            "},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":"+
+            "\"test.xsd\",\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/"+
+            "XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+
+        XMLParserConfiguration config =
+                new XMLParserConfiguration("altContent");
+        compareStringToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr, config);
+        compareReaderToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr, config);
+        compareFileToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Valid XML with comments to JSONObject
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleCommentsInXML() {
+
+        String xmlStr = 
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+                "<!-- this is a comment -->\n"+
+                "<addresses>\n"+
+                "   <address>\n"+
+                "       <![CDATA[ this is -- <another> comment ]]>\n"+
+                "       <name>Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+                "       <!-- this is a - multi line \n"+
+                "            comment -->\n"+
+                "       <street>Baker street 5</street>\n"+
+                "   </address>\n"+
+                "</addresses>";
+        XMLParserConfiguration config =
+                new XMLParserConfiguration("altContent");
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, config);
+        String expectedStr = "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"street\":\"Baker "+
+                "street 5\",\"name\":\"Joe Tester\",\"altContent\":\" this is -- "+
+                "<another> comment \"}}}";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Valid XML to XML.toString()
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleToString() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "   <address>\n"+
+            "       <name>[CDATA[Joe &amp; T &gt; e &lt; s &quot; t &apos; er]]</name>\n"+
+            "       <street>Baker street 5</street>\n"+
+            "       <ArrayOfNum>1, 2, 3, 4.1, 5.2</ArrayOfNum>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+
+        String expectedStr = 
+                "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"street\":\"Baker street 5\","+
+                "\"name\":\"[CDATA[Joe & T > e < s \\\" t \\\' er]]\","+
+                "\"ArrayOfNum\":\"1, 2, 3, 4.1, 5.2\"\n"+
+                "},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":"+
+                "\"test.xsd\",\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/"+
+                "XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        String xmlToStr = XML.toString(jsonObject, null,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlToStr,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converting a JSON doc containing '>' content to JSONObject, then
+     * XML.toString() should result in valid XML.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleContentNoArraytoString() {
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\",\""+
+            "altContent\":\">\"},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        XMLParserConfiguration config = new XMLParserConfiguration("altContent");
+        String finalStr = XML.toString(expectedJsonObject, null, config);
+        String expectedFinalStr = "<addresses><address><name/><nocontent/>&gt;"+
+                "</address><xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation>test.xsd</xsi:noName"+
+                "spaceSchemaLocation><xmlns:xsi>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche"+
+                "ma-instance</xmlns:xsi></addresses>";
+        assertTrue("Should handle expectedFinal: ["+expectedStr+"] final: ["+
+                finalStr+"]", expectedFinalStr.equals(finalStr));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converting a JSON doc containing a 'content' array to JSONObject, then
+     * XML.toString() should result in valid XML.
+     * TODO: This is probably an error in how the 'content' keyword is used.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleContentArraytoString() {
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\",\""+
+            "altContent\":[1, 2, 3]},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        XMLParserConfiguration config = new XMLParserConfiguration("altContent");
+        String finalStr = XML.toString(expectedJsonObject, null, config);
+        String expectedFinalStr = "<addresses><address><name/><nocontent/>"+
+                "1\n2\n3"+
+                "</address><xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation>test.xsd</xsi:noName"+
+                "spaceSchemaLocation><xmlns:xsi>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche"+
+                "ma-instance</xmlns:xsi></addresses>";
+        assertTrue("Should handle expectedFinal: ["+expectedStr+"] final: ["+
+                finalStr+"]", expectedFinalStr.equals(finalStr));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converting a JSON doc containing a named array to JSONObject, then
+     * XML.toString() should result in valid XML.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleArraytoString() {
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\","+
+            "\"something\":[1, 2, 3]},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        String finalStr = XML.toString(expectedJsonObject, null,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        String expectedFinalStr = "<addresses><address><name/><nocontent/>"+
+                "<something>1</something><something>2</something><something>3</something>"+
+                "</address><xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation>test.xsd</xsi:noName"+
+                "spaceSchemaLocation><xmlns:xsi>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche"+
+                "ma-instance</xmlns:xsi></addresses>";
+        assertTrue("Should handle expectedFinal: ["+expectedStr+"] final: ["+
+                finalStr+"]", expectedFinalStr.equals(finalStr));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests that the XML output for empty arrays is consistent.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyArray(){
+        final JSONObject jo1 = new JSONObject();
+        jo1.put("array",new Object[]{});
+        final JSONObject jo2 = new JSONObject();
+        jo2.put("array",new JSONArray());
+
+        final String expected = "<jo></jo>";
+        String output1 = XML.toString(jo1, "jo",
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals("Expected an empty root tag", expected, output1);
+        String output2 = XML.toString(jo2, "jo",
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals("Expected an empty root tag", expected, output2);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests that the XML output for arrays is consistent when an internal array is empty.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyMultiArray(){
+        final JSONObject jo1 = new JSONObject();
+        jo1.put("arr",new Object[]{"One", new String[]{}, "Four"});
+        final JSONObject jo2 = new JSONObject();
+        jo2.put("arr",new JSONArray(new Object[]{"One", new JSONArray(new String[]{}), "Four"}));
+
+        final String expected = "<jo><arr>One</arr><arr></arr><arr>Four</arr></jo>";
+        String output1 = XML.toString(jo1, "jo",
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals("Expected a matching array", expected, output1);
+        String output2 = XML.toString(jo2, "jo",
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+
+        assertEquals("Expected a matching array", expected, output2);
+    }
+   
+    /**
+     * Tests that the XML output for arrays is consistent when arrays are not empty.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNonEmptyArray(){
+        final JSONObject jo1 = new JSONObject();
+        jo1.put("arr",new String[]{"One", "Two", "Three"});
+        final JSONObject jo2 = new JSONObject();
+        jo2.put("arr",new JSONArray(new String[]{"One", "Two", "Three"}));
+
+        final String expected = "<jo><arr>One</arr><arr>Two</arr><arr>Three</arr></jo>";
+        String output1 = XML.toString(jo1, "jo",
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals("Expected a non empty root tag", expected, output1);
+        String output2 = XML.toString(jo2, "jo",
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals("Expected a non empty root tag", expected, output2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that the XML output for arrays is consistent when arrays are not empty and contain internal arrays.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleMultiArray(){
+        final JSONObject jo1 = new JSONObject();
+        jo1.put("arr",new Object[]{"One", new String[]{"Two", "Three"}, "Four"});
+        final JSONObject jo2 = new JSONObject();
+        jo2.put("arr",new JSONArray(new Object[]{"One", new JSONArray(new String[]{"Two", "Three"}), "Four"}));
+
+        final String expected = "<jo><arr>One</arr><arr><array>Two</array><array>Three</array></arr><arr>Four</arr></jo>";
+        String output1 = XML.toString(jo1, "jo",
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals("Expected a matching array", expected, output1);
+        String output2 = XML.toString(jo2, "jo",
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals("Expected a matching array", expected, output2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converting a JSON doc containing a named array of nested arrays to
+     * JSONObject, then XML.toString() should result in valid XML.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNestedArraytoString() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\","+
+            "\"outer\":[[1], [2], [3]]},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(xmlStr);
+        String finalStr = XML.toString(jsonObject, null,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.ORIGINAL);
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(finalStr);
+        String expectedStr = "<addresses><address><name/><nocontent/>"+
+                "<outer><array>1</array></outer><outer><array>2</array>"+
+                "</outer><outer><array>3</array></outer>"+
+                "</address><xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation>test.xsd</xsi:noName"+
+                "spaceSchemaLocation><xmlns:xsi>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche"+
+                "ma-instance</xmlns:xsi></addresses>";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(expectedStr, 
+                XMLParserConfiguration.ORIGINAL);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Possible bug: 
+     * Illegal node-names must be converted to legal XML-node-names.
+     * The given example shows 2 nodes which are valid for JSON, but not for XML.
+     * Therefore illegal arguments should be converted to e.g. an underscore (_).
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleIllegalJSONNodeNames()
+    {
+        JSONObject inputJSON = new JSONObject();
+        inputJSON.append("123IllegalNode", "someValue1");
+        inputJSON.append("Illegal@node", "someValue2");
+
+        String result = XML.toString(inputJSON, null,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+
+        /*
+         * This is invalid XML. Names should not begin with digits or contain
+         * certain values, including '@'. One possible solution is to replace
+         * illegal chars with '_', in which case the expected output would be:
+         * <___IllegalNode>someValue1</___IllegalNode><Illegal_node>someValue2</Illegal_node>
+         */
+        String expected = "<123IllegalNode>someValue1</123IllegalNode><Illegal@node>someValue2</Illegal@node>";
+
+        assertEquals(expected, result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSONObject with NULL value, to XML.toString()
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNullNodeValue()
+    {
+        JSONObject inputJSON = new JSONObject();
+        inputJSON.put("nullValue", JSONObject.NULL);
+        // This is a possible preferred result
+        // String expectedXML = "<nullValue/>";
+        /**
+         * This is the current behavior. JSONObject.NULL is emitted as 
+         * the string, "null".
+         */
+        String actualXML = "<nullValue>null</nullValue>";
+        String resultXML = XML.toString(inputJSON, null,
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertEquals(actualXML, resultXML);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Investigate exactly how the "content" keyword works
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void contentOperations() {
+        /*
+         * When a standalone <!CDATA[...]] structure is found while parsing XML into a
+         * JSONObject, the contents are placed in a string value with key="content".
+         */
+        String xmlStr = "<tag1></tag1><![CDATA[if (a < b && a > 0) then return]]><tag2></tag2>";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, 
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        assertTrue("1. 3 items", 3 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("1. empty tag1", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag1")));
+        assertTrue("1. empty tag2", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag2")));
+        assertTrue("1. content found", "if (a < b && a > 0) then return".equals(jsonObject.get("content")));
+
+        // multiple consecutive standalone cdatas are accumulated into an array
+        xmlStr = "<tag1></tag1><![CDATA[if (a < b && a > 0) then return]]><tag2></tag2><![CDATA[here is another cdata]]>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr,
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true, "altContent"));
+        assertTrue("2. 3 items", 3 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("2. empty tag1", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag1")));
+        assertTrue("2. empty tag2", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag2")));
+        assertTrue("2. content array found", jsonObject.get("altContent") instanceof JSONArray);
+        JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("altContent");
+        assertTrue("2. array size", jsonArray.length() == 2);
+        assertTrue("2. content array entry 0", "if (a < b && a > 0) then return".equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("2. content array entry 1", "here is another cdata".equals(jsonArray.get(1)));
+
+        /*
+         * text content is accumulated in a "content" inside a local JSONObject.
+         * If there is only one instance, it is saved in the context (a different JSONObject 
+         * from the calling code. and the content element is discarded. 
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>value 1</tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr,
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true, "altContent"));
+        assertTrue("3. 2 items", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("3. value tag1", "value 1".equals(jsonObject.get("tag1")));
+
+        /*
+         * array-style text content (multiple tags with the same name) is 
+         * accumulated in a local JSONObject with key="content" and value=JSONArray,
+         * saved in the context, and then the local JSONObject is discarded.
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>value 1</tag1><tag1>2</tag1><tag1>true</tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr,
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true, "altContent"));
+        assertTrue("4. 1 item", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("4. content array found", jsonObject.get("tag1") instanceof JSONArray);
+        jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("tag1");
+        assertTrue("4. array size", jsonArray.length() == 3);
+        assertTrue("4. content array entry 0", "value 1".equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("4. content array entry 1", jsonArray.getInt(1) == 2);
+        assertTrue("4. content array entry 2", jsonArray.getBoolean(2) == true);
+
+        /*
+         * Complex content is accumulated in a "content" field. For example, an element
+         * may contain a mix of child elements and text. Each text segment is 
+         * accumulated to content. 
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>val1<tag2/>val2</tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr,
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true, "altContent"));
+        assertTrue("5. 1 item", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("5. jsonObject found", jsonObject.get("tag1") 
+                instanceof JSONObject);
+        jsonObject = jsonObject.getJSONObject("tag1");
+        assertTrue("5. 2 contained items", 2 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("5. contained tag", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag2")));
+        assertTrue("5. contained content jsonArray found",
+                jsonObject.get("altContent") instanceof JSONArray);
+        jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("altContent");
+        assertTrue("5. array size", jsonArray.length() == 2);
+        assertTrue("5. content array entry 0", "val1".equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("5. content array entry 1", "val2".equals(jsonArray.get(1)));
+
+        /*
+         * If there is only 1 complex text content, then it is accumulated in a 
+         * "content" field as a string.
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>val1<tag2/></tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr,
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true, "altContent"));
+        assertTrue("6. 1 item", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("6. jsonObject found", jsonObject.get("tag1") instanceof JSONObject);
+        jsonObject = jsonObject.getJSONObject("tag1");
+        assertTrue("6. contained content found", 
+                "val1".equals(jsonObject.get("altContent")));
+        assertTrue("6. contained tag2", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag2")));
+
+        /*
+         * In this corner case, the content sibling happens to have key=content
+         * We end up with an array within an array, and no content element.
+         * This is probably a bug. 
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>val1<altContent/></tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr,
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true, "altContent"));
+        assertTrue("7. 1 item", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("7. jsonArray found", 
+                jsonObject.get("tag1") instanceof JSONArray);
+        jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("tag1");
+        assertTrue("array size 1", jsonArray.length() == 1);
+        assertTrue("7. contained array found", jsonArray.get(0) 
+                instanceof JSONArray);
+        jsonArray = jsonArray.getJSONArray(0);
+        assertTrue("7. inner array size 2", jsonArray.length() == 2);
+        assertTrue("7. inner array item 0", "val1".equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("7. inner array item 1", "".equals(jsonArray.get(1)));
+
+        /*
+         * Confirm behavior of original issue
+         */
+        String jsonStr = 
+                "{"+
+                    "\"Profile\": {"+
+                        "\"list\": {"+
+                            "\"history\": {"+
+                                "\"entries\": ["+
+                                    "{"+
+                                        "\"deviceId\": \"id\","+
+                                        "\"altContent\": {"+
+                                            "\"material\": ["+
+                                                "{"+
+                                                    "\"stuff\": false"+
+                                                "}"+
+                                            "]"+
+                                        "}"+
+                                    "}"+
+                                "]"+
+                            "}"+
+                        "}"+
+                    "}"+
+                "}";
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonStr);
+        xmlStr = XML.toString(jsonObject, null,
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true, "altContent"));
+        /*
+         * This is the created XML. Looks like content was mistaken for
+         * complex (child node + text) XML. 
+         *  <Profile>
+         *      <list>
+         *          <history>
+         *              <entries>
+         *                  <deviceId>id</deviceId>
+         *                  {&quot;material&quot;:[{&quot;stuff&quot;:false}]}
+         *              </entries>
+         *          </history>
+         *      </list>
+         *  </Profile>
+         */
+        assertTrue("nothing to test here, see comment on created XML, above", true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON string lost leading zero and converted "True" to true.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONArray_jsonOutput() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        final String expectedJsonString = "{\"root\":{\"item\":{\"id\":\"01\"},\"id\":[\"01\",1,\"00\",0],\"title\":true}}";
+        final JSONObject actualJsonOutput = XML.toJSONObject(originalXml, 
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(false));
+        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, actualJsonOutput.toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON string cannot be reverted to original xml.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONArray_reversibility() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        XMLParserConfiguration config = new XMLParserConfiguration(false);
+        final String revertedXml = 
+                XML.toString(XML.toJSONObject(originalXml, config), 
+                        null, config);
+        assertNotEquals(revertedXml, originalXml);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test passes when using the new method toJsonArray.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJsonXML() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        final String expectedJsonString = "{\"root\":{\"item\":{\"id\":\"01\"},\"id\":[\"01\",\"1\",\"00\",\"0\"],\"title\":\"True\"}}";
+
+        final JSONObject json = XML.toJSONObject(originalXml,
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true));
+        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, json.toString());
+        
+        final String reverseXml = XML.toString(json);
+        // this reversal isn't exactly the same. use JSONML for an exact reversal
+        final String expectedReverseXml = "<root><item><id>01</id></item><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><title>True</title></root>";
+
+        assertEquals(expectedReverseXml, reverseXml);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * test to validate certain conditions of XML unescaping.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUnescape() {
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope <;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &lt;; </xml>",
+                        XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS).toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope <; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &lt;; "));
+
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope & ;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &amp; ; </xml>",
+                        XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS).toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope & ; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &amp; ; "));
+
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope &;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &amp;; </xml>",
+                        XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS).toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope &; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &amp;; "));
+
+        // unicode entity
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope 4;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &#x34;; </xml>",
+                        XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS).toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope 4; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &#x34;; "));
+
+        // double escaped
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope &lt;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &amp;lt; </xml>",
+                        XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS).toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope &lt; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &amp;lt; "));
+        
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope &#x34;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &amp;#x34; </xml>",
+                        XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS).toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope &#x34; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &amp;#x34; "));
+
+   }
+
+    /**
+     * Confirm XMLParserConfiguration functionality
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testConfig() {
+        /**
+         * 1st param is whether to keep the raw string, or call
+         * XML.stringToValue(), which may convert the token to
+         * boolean, null, or number.
+         * 2nd param is what JSON name to use for strings that are
+         * evaluated as xml content data in complex objects, e.g. 
+         * <parent>
+         *      <child>value</child>
+         *      content data
+         * </tag>
+         */
+
+        String xmlStr = 
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+                "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+                "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+                "   <address>\n"+
+                "       content 1\n"+
+                "       <name>Sherlock Holmes</name>\n"+
+                "       content 2\n"+
+                "       <street>Baker street 5</street>\n"+
+                "       content 3\n"+
+                "       <num>1</num>\n"+
+                "   </address>\n"+
+                "</addresses>";
+
+        // keep strings, use the altContent tag
+        XMLParserConfiguration config = 
+                new XMLParserConfiguration(true, "altContent");
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, config);
+        // num is parsed as a string
+        assertEquals(jsonObject.getJSONObject("addresses").
+                getJSONObject("address").getString("num"), "1");
+        // complex content is collected in an 'altContent' array
+        JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONObject("addresses").
+                getJSONObject("address").getJSONArray("altContent");
+        String expectedStr = "[\"content 1\", \"content 2\", \"content 3\"]";
+        JSONArray expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(jsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+
+        // keepstrings only
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, 
+                XMLParserConfiguration.KEEP_STRINGS);
+        // num is parsed as a string
+        assertEquals(jsonObject.getJSONObject("addresses").
+                getJSONObject("address").getString("num"), "1");
+        // complex content is collected in an 'content' array
+        jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONObject("addresses").
+                getJSONObject("address").getJSONArray("content");
+        expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(jsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+        
+        // use alternate content name
+        config = new XMLParserConfiguration("altContent");
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, config);
+        // num is parsed as a number
+        assertEquals(jsonObject.getJSONObject("addresses").
+                getJSONObject("address").getInt("num"), 1);
+        // complex content is collected in an 'altContent' array
+        jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONObject("addresses").
+                getJSONObject("address").getJSONArray("altContent");
+        expectedJsonArray = new JSONArray(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonArrays(jsonArray, expectedJsonArray);
+
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * Convenience method, given an input string and expected result,
+     * convert to JSONObject and compare actual to expected result.
+     * @param xmlStr the string to parse
+     * @param expectedStr the expected JSON string
+     * @param config provides more flexible XML parsing
+     * flexible XML parsing.
+     */
+    private void compareStringToJSONObject(String xmlStr, String expectedStr,
+            XMLParserConfiguration config) {
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr, config);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method, given an input string and expected result,
+     * convert to JSONObject via reader and compare actual to expected result.
+     * @param xmlStr the string to parse
+     * @param expectedStr the expected JSON string
+     * @param config provides more flexible XML parsing
+     */
+    private void compareReaderToJSONObject(String xmlStr, String expectedStr,
+            XMLParserConfiguration config) {
+        /*
+         * Commenting out this method until the JSON-java code is updated
+         * to support XML.toJSONObject(reader)
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Reader reader = new StringReader(xmlStr);
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(reader);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+        */
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method, given an input string and expected result, convert to
+     * JSONObject via file and compare actual to expected result.
+     * 
+     * @param xmlStr
+     *            the string to parse
+     * @param expectedStr
+     *            the expected JSON string
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private void compareFileToJSONObject(String xmlStr, String expectedStr) {
+        /*
+         * Commenting out this method until the JSON-java code is updated
+         * to support XML.toJSONObject(reader)
+        try {
+            JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+            File tempFile = testFolder.newFile("fileToJSONObject.xml");
+            FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(tempFile);
+            fileWriter.write(xmlStr);
+            fileWriter.close();
+            Reader reader = new FileReader(tempFile);
+            JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(reader);
+            Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            assertTrue("file writer error: " +e.getMessage(), false);
+        }
+        */
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/XMLTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,883 @@
+package org.json.junit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.json.XML;
+import org.json.XMLParserConfiguration;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests for JSON-Java XML.java
+ * Note: noSpace() will be tested by JSONMLTest
+ */
+public class XMLTest {
+    /**
+     * JUnit supports temporary files and folders that are cleaned up after the test.
+     * https://garygregory.wordpress.com/2010/01/20/junit-tip-use-rules-to-manage-temporary-files-and-folders/ 
+     */
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder testFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    /**
+     * JSONObject from a null XML string.
+     * Expects a NullPointerException
+     */
+    @Test(expected=NullPointerException.class)
+    public void shouldHandleNullXML() {
+        String xmlStr = null;
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should be empty", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Empty JSONObject from an empty XML string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyXML() {
+
+        String xmlStr = "";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("jsonObject should be empty", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Empty JSONObject from a non-XML string.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNonXML() {
+        String xmlStr = "{ \"this is\": \"not xml\"}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("xml string should be empty", jsonObject.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string (tag contains a frontslash).
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleInvalidSlashInTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/x>\n"+
+            "       <street>abc street</street>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Misshaped tag at 176 [character 14 line 4]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string ('!' char in tag)
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleInvalidBangInTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <!>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Misshaped meta tag at 214 [character 12 line 7]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string ('!' char and no closing tag brace)
+     * Expects a JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleInvalidBangNoCloseInTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <!\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Misshaped meta tag at 213 [character 12 line 7]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string (no end brace for tag)
+     * Expects JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNoCloseStartTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <abc\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Misplaced '<' at 193 [character 4 line 6]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid XML string (partial CDATA chars in tag name)
+     * Expects JSONException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleInvalidCDATABangInTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name>Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+            "       <![[]>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        try {
+            XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+            fail("Expecting a JSONException");
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            assertEquals("Expecting an exception message",
+                    "Expected 'CDATA[' at 204 [character 11 line 5]",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Null JSONObject in XML.toString()
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNullJSONXML() {
+        JSONObject jsonObject= null;
+        String actualXml=XML.toString(jsonObject);
+        assertEquals("generated XML does not equal expected XML","\"null\"",actualXml);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Empty JSONObject in XML.toString()
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyJSONXML() {
+        JSONObject jsonObject= new JSONObject();
+        String xmlStr = XML.toString(jsonObject);
+        assertTrue("xml string should be empty", xmlStr.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * No SML start tag. The ending tag ends up being treated as content.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNoStartTag() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "    <address>\n"+
+            "       <name/>\n"+
+            "       <nocontent/>>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\",\""+
+            "content\":\">\"},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Valid XML to JSONObject
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleSimpleXML() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "   <address>\n"+
+            "       <name>Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+            "       <street>[CDATA[Baker street 5]</street>\n"+
+            "       <NothingHere/>\n"+
+            "       <TrueValue>true</TrueValue>\n"+
+            "       <FalseValue>false</FalseValue>\n"+
+            "       <NullValue>null</NullValue>\n"+
+            "       <PositiveValue>42</PositiveValue>\n"+
+            "       <NegativeValue>-23</NegativeValue>\n"+
+            "       <DoubleValue>-23.45</DoubleValue>\n"+
+            "       <Nan>-23x.45</Nan>\n"+
+            "       <ArrayOfNum>1, 2, 3, 4.1, 5.2</ArrayOfNum>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"street\":\"[CDATA[Baker street 5]\","+
+            "\"name\":\"Joe Tester\",\"NothingHere\":\"\",TrueValue:true,\n"+
+            "\"FalseValue\":false,\"NullValue\":null,\"PositiveValue\":42,\n"+
+            "\"NegativeValue\":-23,\"DoubleValue\":-23.45,\"Nan\":-23x.45,\n"+
+            "\"ArrayOfNum\":\"1, 2, 3, 4.1, 5.2\"\n"+
+            "},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":"+
+            "\"test.xsd\",\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/"+
+            "XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+
+        compareStringToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr);
+        compareReaderToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr);
+        compareFileToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests to verify that supported escapes in XML are converted to actual values.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testXmlEscapeToJson(){
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<root>"+
+            "<rawQuote>\"</rawQuote>"+
+            "<euro>A &#8364;33</euro>"+
+            "<euroX>A &#x20ac;22&#x20AC;</euroX>"+
+            "<unknown>some text &copy;</unknown>"+
+            "<known>&#x0022; &quot; &amp; &apos; &lt; &gt;</known>"+
+            "<high>&#x1D122; &#x10165;</high>" +
+            "</root>";
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"root\":{" +
+            "\"rawQuote\":\"\\\"\"," +
+            "\"euro\":\"A €33\"," +
+            "\"euroX\":\"A €22€\"," +
+            "\"unknown\":\"some text &copy;\"," +
+            "\"known\":\"\\\" \\\" & ' < >\"," +
+            "\"high\":\"𝄢 𐅥\""+
+            "}}";
+        
+        compareStringToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr);
+        compareReaderToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr);
+        compareFileToJSONObject(xmlStr, expectedStr);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests that control characters are escaped.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testJsonToXmlEscape(){
+        final String jsonSrc = "{\"amount\":\"10,00 €\","
+                + "\"description\":\"Ação Válida\u0085\","
+                + "\"xmlEntities\":\"\\\" ' & < >\""
+                + "}";
+        JSONObject json = new JSONObject(jsonSrc);
+        String xml = XML.toString(json);
+        //test control character not existing
+        assertFalse("Escaping \u0085 failed. Found in XML output.", xml.contains("\u0085"));
+        assertTrue("Escaping \u0085 failed. Entity not found in XML output.", xml.contains("&#x85;"));
+        // test normal unicode existing
+        assertTrue("Escaping € failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("€"));
+        assertTrue("Escaping ç failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("ç"));
+        assertTrue("Escaping ã failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("ã"));
+        assertTrue("Escaping á failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("á"));
+        // test XML Entities converted
+        assertTrue("Escaping \" failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("&quot;"));
+        assertTrue("Escaping ' failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("&apos;"));
+        assertTrue("Escaping & failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("&amp;"));
+        assertTrue("Escaping < failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("&lt;"));
+        assertTrue("Escaping > failed. Not found in XML output.", xml.contains("&gt;"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Valid XML with comments to JSONObject
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleCommentsInXML() {
+
+        String xmlStr = 
+                "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+                "<!-- this is a comment -->\n"+
+                "<addresses>\n"+
+                "   <address>\n"+
+                "       <![CDATA[ this is -- <another> comment ]]>\n"+
+                "       <name>Joe Tester</name>\n"+
+                "       <!-- this is a - multi line \n"+
+                "            comment -->\n"+
+                "       <street>Baker street 5</street>\n"+
+                "   </address>\n"+
+                "</addresses>";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        String expectedStr = "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"street\":\"Baker "+
+                "street 5\",\"name\":\"Joe Tester\",\"content\":\" this is -- "+
+                "<another> comment \"}}}";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Valid XML to XML.toString()
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleToString() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"+
+            "<addresses xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""+
+            "   xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation='test.xsd'>\n"+
+            "   <address>\n"+
+            "       <name>[CDATA[Joe &amp; T &gt; e &lt; s &quot; t &apos; er]]</name>\n"+
+            "       <street>Baker street 5</street>\n"+
+            "       <ArrayOfNum>1, 2, 3, 4.1, 5.2</ArrayOfNum>\n"+
+            "   </address>\n"+
+            "</addresses>";
+
+        String expectedStr = 
+                "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"street\":\"Baker street 5\","+
+                "\"name\":\"[CDATA[Joe & T > e < s \\\" t \\\' er]]\","+
+                "\"ArrayOfNum\":\"1, 2, 3, 4.1, 5.2\"\n"+
+                "},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":"+
+                "\"test.xsd\",\"xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/"+
+                "XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        String xmlToStr = XML.toString(jsonObject);
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlToStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converting a JSON doc containing '>' content to JSONObject, then
+     * XML.toString() should result in valid XML.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleContentNoArraytoString() {
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\",\""+
+            "content\":\">\"},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        String finalStr = XML.toString(expectedJsonObject);
+        String expectedFinalStr = "<addresses><address><name/><nocontent/>&gt;"+
+                "</address><xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation>test.xsd</xsi:noName"+
+                "spaceSchemaLocation><xmlns:xsi>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche"+
+                "ma-instance</xmlns:xsi></addresses>";
+        assertTrue("Should handle expectedFinal: ["+expectedStr+"] final: ["+
+                finalStr+"]", expectedFinalStr.equals(finalStr));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converting a JSON doc containing a 'content' array to JSONObject, then
+     * XML.toString() should result in valid XML.
+     * TODO: This is probably an error in how the 'content' keyword is used.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleContentArraytoString() {
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\",\""+
+            "content\":[1, 2, 3]},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        String finalStr = XML.toString(expectedJsonObject);
+        String expectedFinalStr = "<addresses><address><name/><nocontent/>"+
+                "1\n2\n3"+
+                "</address><xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation>test.xsd</xsi:noName"+
+                "spaceSchemaLocation><xmlns:xsi>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche"+
+                "ma-instance</xmlns:xsi></addresses>";
+        assertTrue("Should handle expectedFinal: ["+expectedStr+"] final: ["+
+                finalStr+"]", expectedFinalStr.equals(finalStr));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converting a JSON doc containing a named array to JSONObject, then
+     * XML.toString() should result in valid XML.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleArraytoString() {
+        String expectedStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\","+
+            "\"something\":[1, 2, 3]},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        String finalStr = XML.toString(expectedJsonObject);
+        String expectedFinalStr = "<addresses><address><name/><nocontent/>"+
+                "<something>1</something><something>2</something><something>3</something>"+
+                "</address><xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation>test.xsd</xsi:noName"+
+                "spaceSchemaLocation><xmlns:xsi>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche"+
+                "ma-instance</xmlns:xsi></addresses>";
+        assertTrue("Should handle expectedFinal: ["+expectedStr+"] final: ["+
+                finalStr+"]", expectedFinalStr.equals(finalStr));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests that the XML output for empty arrays is consistent.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyArray(){
+        final JSONObject jo1 = new JSONObject();
+        jo1.put("array",new Object[]{});
+        final JSONObject jo2 = new JSONObject();
+        jo2.put("array",new JSONArray());
+
+        final String expected = "<jo></jo>";
+        String output1 = XML.toString(jo1,"jo");
+        assertEquals("Expected an empty root tag", expected, output1);
+        String output2 = XML.toString(jo2,"jo");
+        assertEquals("Expected an empty root tag", expected, output2);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests that the XML output for arrays is consistent when an internal array is empty.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleEmptyMultiArray(){
+        final JSONObject jo1 = new JSONObject();
+        jo1.put("arr",new Object[]{"One", new String[]{}, "Four"});
+        final JSONObject jo2 = new JSONObject();
+        jo2.put("arr",new JSONArray(new Object[]{"One", new JSONArray(new String[]{}), "Four"}));
+
+        final String expected = "<jo><arr>One</arr><arr></arr><arr>Four</arr></jo>";
+        String output1 = XML.toString(jo1,"jo");
+        assertEquals("Expected a matching array", expected, output1);
+        String output2 = XML.toString(jo2,"jo");
+        assertEquals("Expected a matching array", expected, output2);
+    }
+   
+    /**
+     * Tests that the XML output for arrays is consistent when arrays are not empty.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNonEmptyArray(){
+        final JSONObject jo1 = new JSONObject();
+        jo1.put("arr",new String[]{"One", "Two", "Three"});
+        final JSONObject jo2 = new JSONObject();
+        jo2.put("arr",new JSONArray(new String[]{"One", "Two", "Three"}));
+
+        final String expected = "<jo><arr>One</arr><arr>Two</arr><arr>Three</arr></jo>";
+        String output1 = XML.toString(jo1,"jo");
+        assertEquals("Expected a non empty root tag", expected, output1);
+        String output2 = XML.toString(jo2,"jo");
+        assertEquals("Expected a non empty root tag", expected, output2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that the XML output for arrays is consistent when arrays are not empty and contain internal arrays.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleMultiArray(){
+        final JSONObject jo1 = new JSONObject();
+        jo1.put("arr",new Object[]{"One", new String[]{"Two", "Three"}, "Four"});
+        final JSONObject jo2 = new JSONObject();
+        jo2.put("arr",new JSONArray(new Object[]{"One", new JSONArray(new String[]{"Two", "Three"}), "Four"}));
+
+        final String expected = "<jo><arr>One</arr><arr><array>Two</array><array>Three</array></arr><arr>Four</arr></jo>";
+        String output1 = XML.toString(jo1,"jo");
+        assertEquals("Expected a matching array", expected, output1);
+        String output2 = XML.toString(jo2,"jo");
+        assertEquals("Expected a matching array", expected, output2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converting a JSON doc containing a named array of nested arrays to
+     * JSONObject, then XML.toString() should result in valid XML.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNestedArraytoString() {
+        String xmlStr = 
+            "{\"addresses\":{\"address\":{\"name\":\"\",\"nocontent\":\"\","+
+            "\"outer\":[[1], [2], [3]]},\"xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation\":\"test.xsd\",\""+
+            "xmlns:xsi\":\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"}}";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(xmlStr);
+        String finalStr = XML.toString(jsonObject);
+        JSONObject finalJsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(finalStr);
+        String expectedStr = "<addresses><address><name/><nocontent/>"+
+                "<outer><array>1</array></outer><outer><array>2</array>"+
+                "</outer><outer><array>3</array></outer>"+
+                "</address><xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation>test.xsd</xsi:noName"+
+                "spaceSchemaLocation><xmlns:xsi>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSche"+
+                "ma-instance</xmlns:xsi></addresses>";
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(finalJsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Possible bug: 
+     * Illegal node-names must be converted to legal XML-node-names.
+     * The given example shows 2 nodes which are valid for JSON, but not for XML.
+     * Therefore illegal arguments should be converted to e.g. an underscore (_).
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleIllegalJSONNodeNames()
+    {
+        JSONObject inputJSON = new JSONObject();
+        inputJSON.append("123IllegalNode", "someValue1");
+        inputJSON.append("Illegal@node", "someValue2");
+
+        String result = XML.toString(inputJSON);
+
+        /*
+         * This is invalid XML. Names should not begin with digits or contain
+         * certain values, including '@'. One possible solution is to replace
+         * illegal chars with '_', in which case the expected output would be:
+         * <___IllegalNode>someValue1</___IllegalNode><Illegal_node>someValue2</Illegal_node>
+         */
+        String expected = "<123IllegalNode>someValue1</123IllegalNode><Illegal@node>someValue2</Illegal@node>";
+
+        assertEquals(expected, result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSONObject with NULL value, to XML.toString()
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleNullNodeValue()
+    {
+        JSONObject inputJSON = new JSONObject();
+        inputJSON.put("nullValue", JSONObject.NULL);
+        // This is a possible preferred result
+        // String expectedXML = "<nullValue/>";
+        /**
+         * This is the current behavior. JSONObject.NULL is emitted as 
+         * the string, "null".
+         */
+        String actualXML = "<nullValue>null</nullValue>";
+        String resultXML = XML.toString(inputJSON);
+        assertEquals(actualXML, resultXML);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Investigate exactly how the "content" keyword works
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void contentOperations() {
+        /*
+         * When a standalone <!CDATA[...]] structure is found while parsing XML into a
+         * JSONObject, the contents are placed in a string value with key="content".
+         */
+        String xmlStr = "<tag1></tag1><![CDATA[if (a < b && a > 0) then return]]><tag2></tag2>";
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("1. 3 items", 3 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("1. empty tag1", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag1")));
+        assertTrue("1. empty tag2", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag2")));
+        assertTrue("1. content found", "if (a < b && a > 0) then return".equals(jsonObject.get("content")));
+
+        // multiple consecutive standalone cdatas are accumulated into an array
+        xmlStr = "<tag1></tag1><![CDATA[if (a < b && a > 0) then return]]><tag2></tag2><![CDATA[here is another cdata]]>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("2. 3 items", 3 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("2. empty tag1", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag1")));
+        assertTrue("2. empty tag2", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag2")));
+        assertTrue("2. content array found", jsonObject.get("content") instanceof JSONArray);
+        JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("content");
+        assertTrue("2. array size", jsonArray.length() == 2);
+        assertTrue("2. content array entry 0", "if (a < b && a > 0) then return".equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("2. content array entry 1", "here is another cdata".equals(jsonArray.get(1)));
+
+        /*
+         * text content is accumulated in a "content" inside a local JSONObject.
+         * If there is only one instance, it is saved in the context (a different JSONObject 
+         * from the calling code. and the content element is discarded. 
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>value 1</tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("3. 2 items", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("3. value tag1", "value 1".equals(jsonObject.get("tag1")));
+
+        /*
+         * array-style text content (multiple tags with the same name) is 
+         * accumulated in a local JSONObject with key="content" and value=JSONArray,
+         * saved in the context, and then the local JSONObject is discarded.
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>value 1</tag1><tag1>2</tag1><tag1>true</tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("4. 1 item", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("4. content array found", jsonObject.get("tag1") instanceof JSONArray);
+        jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("tag1");
+        assertTrue("4. array size", jsonArray.length() == 3);
+        assertTrue("4. content array entry 0", "value 1".equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("4. content array entry 1", jsonArray.getInt(1) == 2);
+        assertTrue("4. content array entry 2", jsonArray.getBoolean(2) == true);
+
+        /*
+         * Complex content is accumulated in a "content" field. For example, an element
+         * may contain a mix of child elements and text. Each text segment is 
+         * accumulated to content. 
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>val1<tag2/>val2</tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("5. 1 item", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("5. jsonObject found", jsonObject.get("tag1") instanceof JSONObject);
+        jsonObject = jsonObject.getJSONObject("tag1");
+        assertTrue("5. 2 contained items", 2 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("5. contained tag", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag2")));
+        assertTrue("5. contained content jsonArray found", jsonObject.get("content") instanceof JSONArray);
+        jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("content");
+        assertTrue("5. array size", jsonArray.length() == 2);
+        assertTrue("5. content array entry 0", "val1".equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("5. content array entry 1", "val2".equals(jsonArray.get(1)));
+
+        /*
+         * If there is only 1 complex text content, then it is accumulated in a 
+         * "content" field as a string.
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>val1<tag2/></tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("6. 1 item", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("6. jsonObject found", jsonObject.get("tag1") instanceof JSONObject);
+        jsonObject = jsonObject.getJSONObject("tag1");
+        assertTrue("6. contained content found", "val1".equals(jsonObject.get("content")));
+        assertTrue("6. contained tag2", "".equals(jsonObject.get("tag2")));
+
+        /*
+         * In this corner case, the content sibling happens to have key=content
+         * We end up with an array within an array, and no content element.
+         * This is probably a bug. 
+         */
+        xmlStr =  "<tag1>val1<content/></tag1>";
+        jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        assertTrue("7. 1 item", 1 == jsonObject.length());
+        assertTrue("7. jsonArray found", jsonObject.get("tag1") instanceof JSONArray);
+        jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("tag1");
+        assertTrue("array size 1", jsonArray.length() == 1);
+        assertTrue("7. contained array found", jsonArray.get(0) instanceof JSONArray);
+        jsonArray = jsonArray.getJSONArray(0);
+        assertTrue("7. inner array size 2", jsonArray.length() == 2);
+        assertTrue("7. inner array item 0", "val1".equals(jsonArray.get(0)));
+        assertTrue("7. inner array item 1", "".equals(jsonArray.get(1)));
+
+        /*
+         * Confirm behavior of original issue
+         */
+        String jsonStr = 
+                "{"+
+                    "\"Profile\": {"+
+                        "\"list\": {"+
+                            "\"history\": {"+
+                                "\"entries\": ["+
+                                    "{"+
+                                        "\"deviceId\": \"id\","+
+                                        "\"content\": {"+
+                                            "\"material\": ["+
+                                                "{"+
+                                                    "\"stuff\": false"+
+                                                "}"+
+                                            "]"+
+                                        "}"+
+                                    "}"+
+                                "]"+
+                            "}"+
+                        "}"+
+                    "}"+
+                "}";
+        jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonStr);
+        xmlStr = XML.toString(jsonObject);
+        /*
+         * This is the created XML. Looks like content was mistaken for
+         * complex (child node + text) XML. 
+         *  <Profile>
+         *      <list>
+         *          <history>
+         *              <entries>
+         *                  <deviceId>id</deviceId>
+         *                  {&quot;material&quot;:[{&quot;stuff&quot;:false}]}
+         *              </entries>
+         *          </history>
+         *      </list>
+         *  </Profile>
+         */
+        assertTrue("nothing to test here, see comment on created XML, above", true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method, given an input string and expected result,
+     * convert to JSONObject and compare actual to expected result.
+     * @param xmlStr the string to parse
+     * @param expectedStr the expected JSON string
+     */
+    private void compareStringToJSONObject(String xmlStr, String expectedStr) {
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method, given an input string and expected result,
+     * convert to JSONObject via reader and compare actual to expected result.
+     * @param xmlStr the string to parse
+     * @param expectedStr the expected JSON string
+     */
+    private void compareReaderToJSONObject(String xmlStr, String expectedStr) {
+        JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+        Reader reader = new StringReader(xmlStr);
+        JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(reader);
+        Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method, given an input string and expected result, convert to
+     * JSONObject via file and compare actual to expected result.
+     * 
+     * @param xmlStr
+     *            the string to parse
+     * @param expectedStr
+     *            the expected JSON string
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private void compareFileToJSONObject(String xmlStr, String expectedStr) {
+        try {
+            JSONObject expectedJsonObject = new JSONObject(expectedStr);
+            File tempFile = this.testFolder.newFile("fileToJSONObject.xml");
+            try(FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(tempFile);){
+                fileWriter.write(xmlStr);
+            }
+            try(Reader reader = new FileReader(tempFile);){
+                JSONObject jsonObject = XML.toJSONObject(reader);
+                Util.compareActualVsExpectedJsonObjects(jsonObject,expectedJsonObject);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            fail("file writer error: " +e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON string lost leading zero and converted "True" to true.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONArray_jsonOutput() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        final String expectedJsonString = "{\"root\":{\"item\":{\"id\":\"01\"},\"id\":[\"01\",1,\"00\",0],\"title\":true}}";
+        final JSONObject actualJsonOutput = XML.toJSONObject(originalXml, false);
+
+        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, actualJsonOutput.toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON string cannot be reverted to original xml.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJSONArray_reversibility() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        final String revertedXml = XML.toString(XML.toJSONObject(originalXml, false));
+
+        assertNotEquals(revertedXml, originalXml);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test passes when using the new method toJsonArray.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJsonXML() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><item id=\"01\"/><title>True</title></root>";
+        final String expectedJsonString = "{\"root\":{\"item\":{\"id\":\"01\"},\"id\":[\"01\",\"1\",\"00\",\"0\"],\"title\":\"True\"}}";
+
+        final JSONObject json = XML.toJSONObject(originalXml,true);
+        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, json.toString());
+        
+        final String reverseXml = XML.toString(json);
+        // this reversal isn't exactly the same. use JSONML for an exact reversal
+        final String expectedReverseXml = "<root><item><id>01</id></item><id>01</id><id>1</id><id>00</id><id>0</id><title>True</title></root>";
+
+        assertEquals(expectedReverseXml, reverseXml);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * test to validate certain conditions of XML unescaping.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUnescape() {
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope <;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &lt;; </xml>").toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope <; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &lt;; "));
+
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope & ;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &amp; ; </xml>").toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope & ; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &amp; ; "));
+
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope &;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &amp;; </xml>").toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope &; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &amp;; "));
+
+        // unicode entity
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope 4;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &#x34;; </xml>").toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope 4; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &#x34;; "));
+
+        // double escaped
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope &lt;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &amp;lt; </xml>").toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope &lt; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &amp;lt; "));
+        
+        assertEquals("{\"xml\":\"Can cope &#x34;\"}",
+                XML.toJSONObject("<xml>Can cope &amp;#x34; </xml>").toString());
+        assertEquals("Can cope &#x34; ", XML.unescape("Can cope &amp;#x34; "));
+
+   }
+
+    /**
+     * test passes when xsi:nil="true" converting to null (JSON specification-like nil conversion enabled)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJsonWithNullWhenNilConversionEnabled() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id xsi:nil=\"true\"/></root>";
+        final String expectedJsonString = "{\"root\":{\"id\":null}}";
+
+        final JSONObject json = XML.toJSONObject(originalXml, new XMLParserConfiguration(false, "content", true));
+        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, json.toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test passes when xsi:nil="true" not converting to null (JSON specification-like nil conversion disabled)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testToJsonWithNullWhenNilConversionDisabled() {
+        final String originalXml = "<root><id xsi:nil=\"true\"/></root>";
+        final String expectedJsonString = "{\"root\":{\"id\":{\"xsi:nil\":true}}}";
+
+        final JSONObject json = XML.toJSONObject(originalXml, new XMLParserConfiguration());
+        assertEquals(expectedJsonString, json.toString());
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/BrokenToString.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * test class for verifying write errors.
+ * @author John Aylward
+ *
+ */
+public class BrokenToString {
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Something went horribly wrong!");
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/ExceptionalBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * 
+ */
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+/**
+ * Object for testing the exception handling in {@link JSONObject#populateMap}.
+ * 
+ * @author John Aylward
+ */
+public class ExceptionalBean {
+    /**
+     * @return a closeable.
+     */
+    public Closeable getCloseable() {
+        // anonymous inner class did not work...
+        return new MyCloseable();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Nothing really. Just can't be void.
+     * @throws IllegalAccessException
+     *             always thrown
+     */
+    public int getIllegalAccessException() throws IllegalAccessException {
+        throw new IllegalAccessException("Yup, it's illegal");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Nothing really. Just can't be void.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
+     *             always thrown
+     */
+    public int getIllegalArgumentException() throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Yup, it's illegal");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Nothing really. Just can't be void.
+     * @throws InvocationTargetException
+     *             always thrown
+     */
+    public int getInvocationTargetException() throws InvocationTargetException {
+        throw new InvocationTargetException(new Exception("Yup, it's illegal"));
+    }
+
+    /** My closeable class. */
+    public static final class MyCloseable implements Closeable {
+
+        /**
+         * @return a string
+         */
+        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+        public String getString() {
+            return "Yup, it's closeable";
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() throws IOException {
+            throw new IOException("Closing is too hard!");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/Fraction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+
+/**
+ * basic fraction class, no frills.
+ * @author John Aylward
+ *
+ */
+public class Fraction extends Number implements Comparable<Fraction> {
+    /**
+     * serial id.
+     */
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    /**
+     * value as a big decimal.
+     */
+    private final BigDecimal bigDecimal;
+
+    /**
+     * value of the denominator.
+     */
+    private final BigInteger denominator;
+    /**
+     * value of the numerator.
+     */
+    private final BigInteger numerator;
+
+    /**
+     * @param numerator
+     *            numerator
+     * @param denominator
+     *            denominator
+     */
+    public Fraction(final BigInteger numerator, final BigInteger denominator) {
+        super();
+        if (numerator == null || denominator == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("All values must be non-null");
+        }
+        if (denominator.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO)==0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Divide by zero");
+        }
+
+        final BigInteger n;
+        final BigInteger d;
+        // normalize fraction
+        if (denominator.signum()<0) {
+            n = numerator.negate();
+            d = denominator.negate();
+        } else {
+            n = numerator;
+            d = denominator;
+        }
+        this.numerator = n;
+        this.denominator = d;
+        if (n.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO)==0) {
+            this.bigDecimal = BigDecimal.ZERO;
+        } else if (n.compareTo(d)==0) {// i.e. 4/4, 10/10
+            this.bigDecimal = BigDecimal.ONE;
+        } else {
+            this.bigDecimal = new BigDecimal(this.numerator).divide(new BigDecimal(this.denominator),
+                    RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * @param numerator
+     *            numerator
+     * @param denominator
+     *            denominator
+     */
+    public Fraction(final long numerator, final long denominator) {
+        this(BigInteger.valueOf(numerator),BigInteger.valueOf(denominator));
+    }    
+
+    /**
+     * @return the decimal
+     */
+    public BigDecimal bigDecimalValue() {
+        return this.bigDecimal;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int compareTo(final Fraction o) {
+        // .equals call this, so no .equals compare allowed
+
+        // if they are the same reference, just return equals
+        if (this == o) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // if my denominators are already equal, just compare the numerators
+        if (this.denominator.compareTo(o.denominator)==0) {
+            return this.numerator.compareTo(o.numerator);
+        }
+
+        // get numerators of common denominators
+        // a    x     ay   xb
+        // --- --- = ---- ----
+        // b    y     by   yb
+        final BigInteger thisN = this.numerator.multiply(o.denominator);
+        final BigInteger otherN = o.numerator.multiply(this.denominator);
+
+        return thisN.compareTo(otherN);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double doubleValue() {
+        return this.bigDecimal.doubleValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (obj == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final Fraction other = (Fraction) obj;
+        return this.compareTo(other) == 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float floatValue() {
+        return this.bigDecimal.floatValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the denominator
+     */
+    public BigInteger getDenominator() {
+        return this.denominator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the numerator
+     */
+    public BigInteger getNumerator() {
+        return this.numerator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#hashCode()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = 1;
+        result = prime * result + (this.bigDecimal == null ? 0 : this.bigDecimal.hashCode());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int intValue() {
+        return this.bigDecimal.intValue();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long longValue() {
+        return this.bigDecimal.longValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return this.numerator + "/" + this.denominator;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/GenericBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @author John Aylward
+ *
+ * @param <T>
+ *            generic number value
+ */
+public class GenericBean<T extends Number & Comparable<T>> implements MyBean {
+    /**
+     * @param genericValue
+     *            value to initiate with
+     */
+    public GenericBean(T genericValue) {
+        super();
+        this.genericValue = genericValue;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    protected T genericValue;
+    /** to be used by the calling test to see how often the getter is called */
+    public int genericGetCounter;
+    /** to be used by the calling test to see how often the setter is called */
+    public int genericSetCounter;
+
+    /** @return the genericValue */
+    public T getGenericValue() {
+        this.genericGetCounter++;
+        return this.genericValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param genericValue
+     *            generic value to set
+     */
+    public void setGenericValue(T genericValue) {
+        this.genericSetCounter++;
+        this.genericValue = genericValue;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Integer getIntKey() {
+        return Integer.valueOf(42);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Double getDoubleKey() {
+        return Double.valueOf(4.2);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getStringKey() {
+        return "MyString Key";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getEscapeStringKey() {
+        return "\"My String with \"s";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Boolean isTrueKey() {
+        return Boolean.TRUE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Boolean isFalseKey() {
+        return Boolean.FALSE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public StringReader getStringReaderKey() {
+        return new StringReader("Some String Value in a reader");
+    }
+
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/GenericBeanInt.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * 
+ */
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * @author john
+ *
+ */
+public class GenericBeanInt extends GenericBean<Integer> {
+    /** */
+    final char a = 'A';
+
+    /** @return the a */
+    public char getA() {
+        return this.a;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should not be beanable
+     * 
+     * @return false
+     */
+    public boolean getable() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should not be beanable
+     * 
+     * @return false
+     */
+    public boolean get() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should not be beanable
+     * 
+     * @return false
+     */
+    public boolean is() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should be beanable
+     * 
+     * @return false
+     */
+    public boolean isB() {
+        return this.genericValue.equals((Integer.valueOf(this.a+1)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param genericValue
+     *            the value to initiate with.
+     */
+    public GenericBeanInt(Integer genericValue) {
+        super(genericValue);
+    }
+
+    /** override to generate a bridge method */
+    @Override
+    public Integer getGenericValue() {
+        return super.getGenericValue();
+    }
+
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import java.io.*;
+
+/**
+ * Used in testing when Bean behavior is needed
+ */
+public interface MyBean {
+    public Integer getIntKey();
+    public Double getDoubleKey();
+    public String getStringKey();
+    public String getEscapeStringKey();
+    public Boolean isTrueKey();
+    public Boolean isFalseKey();
+    public StringReader getStringReaderKey();
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyBeanCustomName.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import org.json.JSONPropertyName;
+
+/**
+ * Test bean for the {@link JSONPropertyName} annotation.
+ */
+public class MyBeanCustomName implements MyBeanCustomNameInterface {
+    public int getSomeInt() { return 42; }
+    @JSONPropertyName("")
+    public long getSomeLong() { return 42L; }
+    @JSONPropertyName("myStringField")
+    public String getSomeString() { return "someStringValue"; }
+    @JSONPropertyName("Some Weird NAme that Normally Wouldn't be possible!")
+    public double getMyDouble() { return 0.0d; }
+    @Override
+    public float getSomeFloat() { return 2.0f; }
+    @Override
+    public int getIgnoredInt() { return 40; }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyBeanCustomNameInterface.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import org.json.JSONPropertyIgnore;
+import org.json.JSONPropertyName;
+
+public interface MyBeanCustomNameInterface {
+    @JSONPropertyName("InterfaceField")
+    float getSomeFloat();
+    @JSONPropertyIgnore
+    int getIgnoredInt();
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyBeanCustomNameSubClass.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/**
+ * 
+ */
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import org.json.JSONPropertyIgnore;
+import org.json.JSONPropertyName;
+
+/**
+ * Test bean to verify that the {@link org.json.JSONPropertyName} annotation
+ * is inherited.
+ */
+public class MyBeanCustomNameSubClass extends MyBeanCustomName {
+    @Override
+    @JSONPropertyName("forcedInt")
+    public int getIgnoredInt() { return 42*42; }
+    @Override
+    @JSONPropertyName("newIntFieldName")
+    public int getSomeInt() { return 43; }
+    @Override
+    public String getSomeString() { return "subClassString"; }
+    @Override
+    @JSONPropertyName("AMoreNormalName")
+    public double getMyDouble() { return 1.0d; }
+    @Override
+    public float getSomeFloat() { return 3.0f; }
+    @JSONPropertyIgnore
+    @JSONPropertyName("ShouldBeIgnored")
+    public boolean getShouldNotBeJSON() { return true; }
+    @JSONPropertyName("Getable")
+    public boolean getable() { return true; }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyBigNumberBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import java.math.*;
+
+/**
+ * Used in testing when a Bean containing big numbers is needed
+ */
+public interface MyBigNumberBean {
+    public BigInteger getBigInteger();
+    public BigDecimal getBigDecimal();
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyEnum.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * An enum with no methods or data
+ */
+public enum MyEnum {
+    VAL1,
+    VAL2,
+    VAL3;
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyEnumClass.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * this is simply a class that contains some enum instances
+ */
+public class MyEnumClass {
+    private MyEnum myEnum;
+    private MyEnumField myEnumField;
+
+    public MyEnum getMyEnum() {
+        return myEnum;
+    }
+    public void setMyEnum(MyEnum myEnum) {
+        this.myEnum = myEnum;
+    }
+    public MyEnumField getMyEnumField() {
+        return myEnumField;
+    }
+    public void setMyEnumField(MyEnumField myEnumField) {
+        this.myEnumField = myEnumField;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyEnumField.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * An enum that contains getters and some internal fields
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("boxing")
+public enum MyEnumField {
+    VAL1(1, "val 1"),
+    VAL2(2, "val 2"),
+    VAL3(3, "val 3");
+
+    private String value;
+    private Integer intVal;
+    private MyEnumField(Integer intVal, String value) {
+        this.value = value;
+        this.intVal = intVal;
+    }
+    public String getValue() {
+        return this.value;
+    }
+    public Integer getIntVal() {
+        return this.intVal;
+    }
+    @Override
+    public String toString(){
+        return this.value;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyJsonString.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import org.json.*;
+
+/**
+ * Used in testing when a JSONString is needed
+ */
+public class MyJsonString implements JSONString {
+
+    @Override
+    public String toJSONString() {
+        return "my string";
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyLocaleBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+public class MyLocaleBean {
+    private final String id = "beanId";
+    private final String i = "beanI";
+    public String getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+    public String getI() {
+        return i;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyNumber.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+
+/**
+ * Number override for testing. Number overrides should always override
+ * toString, hashCode, and Equals.
+ * 
+ * @see <a
+ *      href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/data/numberclasses.html">The
+ *      Numbers Classes</a>
+ * @see <a
+ *      href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/data/numberformat.html">Formatting
+ *      Numeric Print Output</a>
+ * 
+ * @author John Aylward
+ */
+public class MyNumber extends Number {
+    private Number number = BigDecimal.valueOf(42);
+    /**
+     */
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    /**
+     * @return number!
+     */
+    public Number getNumber() {
+        return this.number;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int intValue() {
+        return getNumber().intValue();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long longValue() {
+        return getNumber().longValue();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float floatValue() {
+        return getNumber().floatValue();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double doubleValue() {
+        return getNumber().doubleValue();
+    }
+
+    /* (non-Javadoc)
+     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
+     * 
+     * Number overrides should in general always override the  toString method.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return getNumber().toString();
+    }
+
+    /* (non-Javadoc)
+     * @see java.lang.Object#hashCode()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = 1;
+        result = prime * result + ((this.number == null) ? 0 : this.number.hashCode());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /* (non-Javadoc)
+     * @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (obj == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!(obj instanceof MyNumber)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        MyNumber other = (MyNumber) obj;
+        if (this.number == null) {
+            if (other.number != null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else if (!this.number.equals(other.number)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyNumberContainer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * Class that holds our MyNumber override as a property.
+ * @author John Aylward
+ */
+public class MyNumberContainer {
+    private MyNumber myNumber = new MyNumber();
+    /**
+     * @return a MyNumber.
+     */
+    public Number getMyNumber() {return this.myNumber;}
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/MyPublicClass.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * Need a class with some public data members for testing
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("boxing")
+public class MyPublicClass {
+    public Integer publicInt = 42;
+    public String publicString = "abc";
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/Singleton.java

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * Sample singleton for use with bean testing.
+ * 
+ * @author John Aylward
+ *
+ */
+public final class Singleton {
+    /** */
+    private int someInt;
+    /** */
+    private String someString;
+    /** single instance. */
+    private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
+
+    /** @return the singleton instance. */
+    public static final Singleton getInstance() {
+        return INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    private Singleton() {
+        if (INSTANCE != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already instantiated");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+        return INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    /** @return someInt */
+    public int getSomeInt() {
+        return someInt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * sets someInt.
+     * 
+     * @param someInt
+     *            the someInt to set
+     */
+    public void setSomeInt(int someInt) {
+        this.someInt = someInt;
+    }
+
+    /** @return someString */
+    public String getSomeString() {
+        return someString;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * sets someString.
+     * 
+     * @param someString
+     *            the someString to set
+     */
+    public void setSomeString(String someString) {
+        this.someString = someString;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = 1;
+        result = prime * result + someInt;
+        result = prime * result + ((someString == null) ? 0 : someString.hashCode());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj)
+            return true;
+        if (obj == null)
+            return false;
+        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
+            return false;
+        Singleton other = (Singleton) obj;
+        if (someInt != other.someInt)
+            return false;
+        if (someString == null) {
+            if (other.someString != null)
+                return false;
+        } else if (!someString.equals(other.someString))
+            return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/SingletonEnum.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+/**
+ * Sample singleton done as an Enum for use with bean testing.
+ * 
+ * @author John Aylward
+ *
+ */
+public enum SingletonEnum {
+    /**
+     * the singleton instance.
+     */
+    INSTANCE;
+    /** */
+    private int someInt;
+    /** */
+    private String someString;
+
+    /** single instance. */
+
+    /**
+     * @return the singleton instance. I a real application, I'd hope no one did
+     *         this to an enum singleton.
+     */
+    public static final SingletonEnum getInstance() {
+        return INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    private SingletonEnum() {
+    }
+
+    /** @return someInt */
+    public int getSomeInt() {
+        return someInt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * sets someInt.
+     * 
+     * @param someInt
+     *            the someInt to set
+     */
+    public void setSomeInt(int someInt) {
+        this.someInt = someInt;
+    }
+
+    /** @return someString */
+    public String getSomeString() {
+        return someString;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * sets someString.
+     * 
+     * @param someString
+     *            the someString to set
+     */
+    public void setSomeString(String someString) {
+        this.someString = someString;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/StringsResourceBundle.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * A resource bundle class
+ */
+public class StringsResourceBundle extends ListResourceBundle {
+    @Override
+    public Object[][] getContents() {
+        return contents;
+    }
+    static final Object[][] contents = {
+        {"greetings.hello", "Hello, "},
+        {"greetings.world", "World!"},
+        {"farewells.later", "Later, "},
+        {"farewells.gator", "Alligator!"}
+    };
+}

src/test/java/org/json/junit/data/WeirdList.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * 
+ */
+package org.json.junit.data;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @author John Aylward
+ */
+public class WeirdList {
+    /** */
+    private final List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @param vals
+     */
+    public WeirdList(Integer... vals) {
+        this.list.addAll(Arrays.asList(vals));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return a copy of the list
+     */
+    public List<Integer> get() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(this.list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return a copy of the list
+     */
+    public List<Integer> getALL() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(this.list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get a value at an index.
+     * 
+     * @param i
+     *            index to get
+     * @return the value at the index
+     */
+    public Integer get(int i) {
+        return this.list.get(i);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get a value at an index.
+     * 
+     * @param i
+     *            index to get
+     * @return the value at the index
+     */
+    public int getInt(int i) {
+        return this.list.get(i);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param value
+     *            new value to add to the end of the list
+     */
+    public void add(Integer value) {
+        this.list.add(value);
+    }
+}

src/test/resources/jsonpointer-testdoc.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+	"foo": 
+	[
+		"bar",
+		"baz"
+	],
+	"": 0,
+	"a/b": 1,
+	"c%d": 2,
+	"e^f": 3,
+	"g|h": 4,
+	"i\\j": 5,
+	"k\"l": 6,
+	" ": 7,
+	"m~n": 8,
+	"obj" : {
+		"key" : "value",
+		"other~key" : {
+			"another/key" : [
+				"val"
+			]
+		},
+		"" : {
+		    "" : "empty key of an object with an empty key",
+		    "subKey" : "Some other value"
+		}
+	}
+}